Chapter 15 Study Questions (Pt. 1) Flashcards
what blood component initiates the formation of a blood clot and where is it derived from?
- platelets
- bone marrow
what is the role of thrombin in blood clots?
cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin to form a mesh to further trap WBC and RBC to form a blood clot
what is the role of fibrinogen in blood clots?
cleaved to fibrin to form a mesh to further trap WBC and RBC to form a blood clot
what is the role of tissue plasminogen activator in blood clots?
tPA is an enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down blood clots
cleaves plasminogen to plasmin that in turn dissolves the blood clot to remove it
what is the role of plasminogen in blood clots?
dissolve blood clot
reticulocytes mature into what?
erythrocytes
erythrocytes are the matured form of what?
reticulocytes
what is the function of the biconcave shape of a RBC? (2)
- large surface area to facilitate gas exchange
- flexible and bendable for passing through narrow capillaries
why do RBCs have a relatively short life span? (3)
to mature from reticulo -> erythrocyte, they dump a lot of stuff out.
- get rid of inner content to make room for Hbs
1. no nucleus = no new mRNA
2. no ribosomes = make no protein
3. no mitochondria = no TCA cycle and ox phos
what do RBCs use as an energy source to make ATP? what process do they use?
so what?
blood glucose to make ATP by glycolysis.
have to maintain and minimum blood glucose level.
what happens when blood glucose levels are depleted short term?
break down glycogen to get glucose, then resort to using AAs instead.
use glucose, then proteins!
triglycerides are a great energy source for ATP production via what pathway?
citric acid cycle
how do triglycerides use the citric acid cycle to make ATP?
make glucose from glycerol
glycerol from triglycerides is not enough to maintain blood glucose levels, so what happens with long term starvation?
best source would be fatty acids from triglycerides, but under starvation conditions the body uses AAs from proteins
what do we use to maintain blood glucose levels when we’re full?
glucose
what do we do to maintain blood glucose levels at night?
glycogen -> glucose
what do we do to maintain blood glucose levels in starvation conditions?
proteins –> AAs –> glucose
