Chapter 16 Psychotherapy

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

Question 2

paraprofessional

Answer 2

person with no professional training who provides mental health services

Question 3

insight therapies

Answer 3

psychotherapies, including psychodynamic, humanistic, existential, and group approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or insight

Question 4

Psychodynamic therapies

Answer 4

are treatments inspired by classical psychoanalysis and influenced by Freud’s techniques. psychodynamic therapy is typically less costly, is briefer—weeks or months or open-ended—and involves meeting only once or twice a week

Question 5

humanistic therapies

Answer 5

therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive. strive to understand clients’ inner worlds through empathy and focus on clients’ thoughts and feelings in the present moment.

Question 6

Psychodynamic therapists share the following three approaches and beliefs, which form the core of their approach:

Answer 6

1. They believe the causes of abnormal behaviors, including unconscious conflicts, wishes, and impulses, stem from traumatic or other adverse childhood experiences.
2. They strive to analyze
   (a) distressing thoughts and feelings clients avoid
   (b) wishes and fantasies
   (c) recurring themes and life patterns
   (d) significant past events
   (e) the therapeutic relationship.
3. They believe that when clients achieve insight into previously unconscious material, the causes and the significance of symptoms will become evident, often causing symp-toms to disappear.”

Question 7

free association

Answer 7

technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort

Question 8

resistance

Answer 8

attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulse”

Question 9

transference

Answer 9

they project intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from their past onto the therapist.

Question 10

Freudian therapists, neo-Freudian therapists

Answer 10

are more concerned with conscious aspects of the client’s functioning.

Question 11

neo-Freudians acknowledge

Answer 11

the impact of other needs, including love, dependence, power, and status.

Question 12

(Carl Jung, the goal of psychotherapy is)

individuation—

Answer 12

the integration of opposing aspects of the personality, like passive versus aggressive tendencies, into a harmonious “whole,” namely, the self.”

Question 13

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 13

According to Sullivan (1954), psychotherapy is a collaborative undertaking between client and therapist.

Question 14

(Sullivan)

participant observer

Answer 14

Through ongoing observations, the analyst discovers and communicates to clients their unrealistic attitudes and behaviors in everyday life

Question 15

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Answer 15

treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions. IPT has demonstrated success in treating substance abuse and eating disorders comparable with that of cognitive-behavioral therapies (Klerman & Weissman, 1993; Murphy et al., 2012)”

Question 16

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 16

clients typically need to practice new and more adaptive behaviors in everyday life—that is, to engage in working through (Wachtel, 1977)

Question 17

transference

Answer 17

act of projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist

Question 18

Humanistic therapists stress

Answer 18

the importance of assuming responsibility for decisions, not attributing our problems to the past, and living fully and finding meaning in the present.

Question 19

person-centered therapy

Answer 19

nondirective therapy centering on the client’s goals and ways of solving problems

Question 20

nondirective

Answer 20

therapists encourage clients to direct the course of therapy and don’t define or diagnose clients’ problems or try to get at the root cause of their difficulties

Question 21

unconditional positive regard

Answer 21

a nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the client expresses. Rogers was convinced that unconditional positive regard elicits a more positive self-concept. He maintained that it allows clients to reclaim aspects of their “true selves” that they disowned previously in life as a result of others placing conditions of worth on them”

Question 22

reflection mirroring back the cli-ent’s feelings”

Answer 22

reflection, that is, mirroring back the cli-ent’s feelings —a technique for which Rogers was famous.

Question 23

Person-centered interviewing techniques, including

Answer 23

showing warmth, empathy, and unconditional acceptance; using reflective listening; and avoiding confrontation, lie at the heart of motivational interviewing

Question 24

Gestalt therapy (Fritz Perls)

Answer 24

therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self

Question 25

existential therapists (Frankl)

Answer 25

contend that human beings construct meaning and that mental illness stems from a failure to find meaning in life
“Frankl came to believe that human beings can preserve spiritual freedom and independence of mind even under conditions of enormous psychological and physical stress”

Question 26

logotherapy (Frankl)

Answer 26

(Frankl) defined as the treatment of the patient’s attitudes toward his or her existence

Question 27

group therapy

Answer 27

therapy that treats more than one person at a time

Question 28

strategic family intervention

Answer 28

family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication

Question 29

structural family therapy

Answer 29

treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interaction

Question 30

behavior therapist

Answer 30

therapist who focuses on specific problem behaviors and current variables that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 31

ecological momentary assessment

Answer 31

assessment of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that arise in the moment in situations in which they occur in everyday life.

Question 32

systematic desensitization

Answer 32

clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner”

Question 33

exposure therapy

Answer 33

therapy that confronts clients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear

Question 34

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 34

which says that clients can’t experience two conflicting responses simultaneously. If a client is relaxed, he or she can’t be anxious at the same time.

Question 35

systematic desensitization

Answer 35

SD is effective for a wide range of phobias, insomnia, speech disorders, asthma attacks, nightmares, and some cases of problem drinking”

Question 36

dismantling

Answer 36

research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

Question 37

response prevention

Answer 37

technique in which therapists prevent clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors