Chapter 16 (Paintings/Book) Flashcards
When did the high renaissance occur
Late 15th early 16th century
What did the French do Politically
Invaded northern Italy and sacked Milan
What happened to the Medici
They were expelled from florence
Who is one of the most prominent ambitious popes of high renaissance
Julius 2nd, he was a humanist
Why did they incorporate the circle and sphere in a lot of things design
Because like the Greeks they saw it as the perfect shape
Who was Julius 2nd’s successor
Leo X
What artists dominated the high renaissance era
Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, and Titian
Who led the main developments in Venice
Titian and Bellini
Who succeeded Alberti as the universal renaissance man
Leonardo da Vinci
Who did Leonardo influence
Bramante, Michelangelo, and Raphael
Did da Vinci make a large amount of paintings?
No, he made a small amount
What is an important architectural factor that preoccupied high renaissance artists
The centrally planned church building
Like the Greeks, what shape did they believe to be perfect
The circle/sphere
What shape are churches that are “centralized”
Greek cross
Who did Alberti follow in ideology
Vitruvius, relating architecture harmony to human symmetry
What did Vitruvius believe temples should follow
They should follow a symmetrical form
Who originally came up with the Vitruvian man? What does it depict?
Vitruvius. It depicts a man within a circle and square extending his limbs and fitting perfectly in it.
Who popularized the vitruvian man drawing
Leonardo da Vinci
How did Leonardo write
From right to left, in a mirrored way
What medium is the Vitruvian man in
Pen and ink
Who got influenced by Leonardo’s Vitruvian man
Bramante
Where did Bramante move to after Milan got sacked
Rome
What is Bramante’s tempietto and where is it located
It is a small martyriam that is on where saint Peter was crucified
How many columns are in the tempietto
16 exterior columns. They support a brieze and balustrade. The top part is a drum supported by a ribbed dome
How big was the tempietto
Relatively small, only a few people can enter at once
Who commissioned the tempietto
King Ferdinand and queen isabella
What was in the tempietto’s cella
A single altar
What painting of Raphael’s shows centrally planned buildings
Betrothal of a virgin
Who commissioned betrothal of a Virgin
Saint Joseph chapel
Where is the vanishing point in the betrothal of the virgin
Right above the ring
What was the betrothal of a virgin’s medium
Oil on wood
Who became romes leading architect and mentored Raphael
Bramante
What did Julius 2nd decide to rebuild
The basilica of St. Peter’s
Who did Julius 2nd commission first for the basilica
Bramante
When did Julius 2nd die compared to laying the basilica foundations
7 years after the foundation was set. Bramante also died soon after
How long was the basilica
167m long
Who succeeded Bramante after his death on the basilica
Raphael
After Raphael died who became the new architect of the basilica
Michelangelo
What did Michelangelo do to Bramantes design
He simplified it and it finished faster.
After Michelangelo died who finished the construction on the church
Maderno
What shape did moderno set for the basilica
He added a nave to form a Latin cross
What does Leonardo’s embryo in a womb show
An anatomical drawing of a child in stillbirth. It shows the child with the umbilical cord attached to him.
What does Leonardo’s embryo in a womb tell us
It tells us that he has a large interest in anatomy and discovering scientific explanations
What systems did Leonardo also study
Digestive, reproductive, and respiratory
What is Leonardo’s greatest work of art
The last supper
Where is the last supper located
On a short wall in Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan
What was opposite of the last supper
A fresco of Christs crucifixion
What level is the last supper on
Above the viewers eye
What does the painting portray
Jesus with his apostles on a table eating, moments before he announces one of them will betray him.
What is unique about Judas
He has a shadow on half his face, symbolizing that he is the traitor.
Where is the halo on Jesus in the last supper
The architectural curve acts as the hall
How is the holy trinity symbolized
The apostles are in 4 groups of 3, Jesus makes a triangle with his hands, and there are three windows behind him.
What is the last supper’s medium
Fresco, oil+tempura
What does Leonardo’s Madonna and child With st.anne look like
It shows madonna with saint anne holding baby Jesus. Baby Jesus is grabbing a lamb signifying his sacrifice. They are in a meadow with hills behind them. The horizon line is above all their heads.
What are important aspects of Leonardo’s paintings
Nature and geometry
What does the Mona Lisa incorporate
It shows how he incorporates nature, architecture, human form, and geometry.
Who does the Mona Lisa depict
The wife of Francesco del giocondo
What technique does the Mona Lisa use to give a hazy effect
A sfumato, and it is made to shift your eyes between landscape and her
What does Leonardo compare in the Mona Lisa
Flesh to the soil, bones to rocks, and blood to waterways
How was Venice built
It was build on water, in a marsh and most things are held stable by large wooden columns
How did Venice grow to be so large
They couldn’t be invaded since the water is too shallow for ships
How did venice effect painters
It was hard for them to make frescos
How did Venetian artists receive their training
Through family workshops
What is one of the most successful family workshops on Venice
The Bellini family
Who did the balleni families sister marry
Mantegna
Who developed high renaissance art in Venice
Giovanni Bellini
What is the first surviving example of a sacra conversazion
The San giobble altar piece
What were Venetian artists mainly interested in
Landscape portraits
How is titians Venus of urbni different than the sleeping Venus
She is awake, she seems to be looking at the viewer in a seductive manner. We can see two servants in the background taking out garments from a chest.
How is Michelangelo’s David different
It shows David with a ready but also relaxed pose, his hands seem to be those of an adult signifying that he killed Goliath with them or will. He is also standing against a branch which is a reference to Greek statues.
What does Michelangelo’s Pieta look like
It shows Mary holding a wounded Jesus. His form matches the drapes and form of her clothes.
What ceiling did Michelangelo famously paint
He painted the Sistine chapel
What is the order of the Sistine chapel paintings
In reverse chronological order from where you walk in
What does Michelangelo’s creation of Adam depict
Tod stretching out his finger to Adam while Adam does the same. Adams finger is limp which symbolizes that he hasn’t been given life yet.
What does Michelangelo’s last judgement show
It is separated into three parts, the top being heaven, the middle being earth and the bottom being hell. It shows Jesus and Mary in the middle with light coming off of them. Bottom right is a nod to Greek mythology with the river styx, Charon, and Minos
Where is Raphael’s school of Athens set
The figures are in an incomplete st peters.
What type of painting is Raphael’s school of Athens
A fresco
What does Raphael’s Madonna of the meadow show
Mary with baby Jesus and an angel giving him a cross
