Chapter 16 Health claims and dietary recommendations for nonalcoholic beverages & Chapter 21 Functional food in the marketplace

Question 1

Describe both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of different types of non-alcoholic beverages: water, tea. (16.2 and 16.3)

Answer 1

Water: essential for life.
Total water needed for male 3.7L/day and 2.7L/day for female (this includes water from all beverages and food.

Tea:

• possible anticancer
• may be preventative against CVD
• has caffeine though
• General guideline up to 3 to 4 cups a day is probably safe.

Question 2

Describe both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of different types of non-alcoholic beverages: coffee, milk. (16.4 and 16.5)

Answer 2

Coffee:

• less than 3 cups per day should be safe
• absence of any appreciable association between coffee consumption and most common neoplasms
• neutral or beneficial effects on CVD
• consumption may increase systolic BP
• may be beneficial against type 2 diabetes
• contains caffeine

Milk:
-improved bone health and Calcium intake esp. when fortified with vit D
-excellent source of K, Mg and protein
-low fat dairy may reduce blood pressure
-may reduce CVD
general guideline:
2 to 4 cups a day….esp necessary for growing children and adolescents

Question 3

Describe both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of different types of non-alcoholic beverages: fruit and vegetable juices, sports drinks 16.6 and 16.7

Answer 3

Fruit and veggie juices:
have some of the same protective properties of veggies and fruit minus the fibre.
-excellent source of many vitamins and minerals…as well as phytochemicals
-disadvantage: sugar calories
- do not exceed 2 cups per day

Sports drinks:
-beverages include sodium and glucose…good for extreme athlete but probably not needed for regular person exercising

Question 4

Describe both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of different types of non-alcoholic beverages: sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages. (16.8)

Answer 4

too much sugar…not recommended

may contribute to obesity.

Question 5

Describe both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of different types of non-alcoholic beverages: meal-replacement beverages, and energy drinks.

Answer 5

meal replacement beverages:

• may be good for persons attempting to gain weight. studies have shown that older persons eat more after consuming a meal replacement drink.
• best to eat food in their solid form

energy drinks:
-can be dangerous with amounts of caffeine present especially if taken with alcohol.
not recommended.

Question 6

Explain the meaning of functional foods. 21.1

Answer 6

Reducing or removing ingredients viewed as unhealthy in foods such as salt etc.
Adding bioactive ingredients viewed as healthy in foods
Examples are additives given for protein supplementation, cardiovascular health, bone and joint health, eye health, gut health antioxidants, weight management etc

Question 7

Give five examples of developments in recent years that has led to the reformulation of foods to make them healthier

Answer 7

Omega eggs for increased omega 3 for heart health
Lower sodium products
Lower fat products
Lower cholesterol products
Reduced fat dairy
removal of trans fats in foods
replacement with intense sweeteners
replacement with dietary fibers