Chapter 14 and 15 Food Synergy: a Paradigm Shift in Nutrition Science & What are the Health Implications of Alcohol Consumption

Question 1

Several cohort studies have reported an inverse association between intake of various antioxidant nutrients and risk of coronary heart disease. Discuss the problem of confounding with respect to interpreting these results.

Answer 1

14.1
Key points:
a major focus of nutrition science has centred on identifying the various macronutrients, vitamins and minerals and then discovering their mode of action
-may associations between diet and risk of disease are best understood by looking at food as a whole and not merely as a collection of individual nutrients and other bioactive substances
-because of the limitations of epidemiology, it is extremely difficult in many cases to ID the substances in food that account for protection against disease. this is especially true of phytochemical rich plant foods including fruit, veggies, nuts legumes and whole grain cereal food.
-research into foods and dietary patterns is needed. such findings can be directly translated into public recommendations . they also serve as a scientific anchor point to which studies of food components must conform.

Question 2

Discuss the relationship between alcohol intake, blood pressure, and the risk of stroke.15.2.2

Answer 2

Need a moderate intake of alcohol to protect against strokes

Question 3

Based on the relationship between age and the balance between beneficial and harmful effects of alcohol, what is a sensible policy for health professionals to adopt when advising their clients of appropriate consumption of alcoholic beverages? 15.1

Answer 3

moderation

no more than 1/day

Question 4

discuss the relationship between alcohol consumption and total mortality and how this is related to age. 15.1

Answer 4

younger: increased mortality from accidents

Question 5

discuss both the harmful effects and the health benefits associated with the consumption of alcohol.

Answer 5

liver Ca due to toxicity
accidents, violence and suicide
chronic alcohol abuse
fetal alcohol syndrome

Health Benefits:
CHD
BP and Stroke
gallstones
bone health
hearing loss
benign prostatic hyperplasia
diabetes
lung disease

as person ages can get some benefits