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EMT Knowledge > Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Discuss

Name the abdominal solid organs

A

Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries/testes

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2
Q

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Name abdominal hollow organs

A

Stomach, gallbladder, bladder, intestines, uterus, ureter, fallopian tubes

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3
Q

Discuss

Normal adult urine production

A

1.5-2 L/day

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4
Q

Discuss

Peritoneum

A

Internal lining of the abdominal cavity. Parietal lines cavity itself and Visceral lines organs

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5
Q

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Peritonitis

A

Anything in the peritoneum other than peritoneal fluid can cause irritation. Can cause ileus.

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6
Q

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Ileus

A

Paralysis of intestinal peristalsis, causing abdominal distention. Consequence is emesis.

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7
Q

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Acute abdomen

A

Sudden onset of abdominal pain, often severe. Untreated can be fatal.

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8
Q

Discuss

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of small weakened pockets in the colon wall filled with feces.

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9
Q

Discuss

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often accompanied by fever

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10
Q

Discuss

Abdominal pain vis a vis parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

Parietal supplied by same nerves as skin, so pain is localized. Visceral supplied by autonomic, only deep pain from stretching, sometimes referred pain.

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11
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: appendicitis

A

RLQ, navel, rebouding pain

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12
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: cholecystitis

A

RUQ, right shoulder

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13
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: ulcer

A

upper midab, upper back

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14
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Diverticulitis

A

LLQ

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15
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: AAA

A

Lower back and lower Q’s

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16
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Cystitis

A

Retropubic

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17
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Kidney infection

A

Costovetebral angle

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18
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Kidney stone

A

Right or left flank radiating to genitalia

19
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Pancreatitis

A

Upper ab and back

20
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Pneumonia

A

Referred pain to upper ab

21
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Hernia

A

Anywhere in ab

22
Q

Discuss

Location of pain: Peritonitis

A

Anywhere in ab

23
Q

Discuss

Causes of acute abdomen

A

Ulcers, gallstones, pancreatitis, appendicitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, esophagitis, esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, gastroenteritis, hemorrhoids

24
Q

Discuss

Ulcers

A

Most peptic ulcers a result of H. pylori infection or chronic use of NSAIDs. Burning or gnawing pain that subsides after eating and reemerges 2-3 hrs after.

25
Q

Discuss

Gallstones

A

Can lead to cholecystitis

26
Q

Discuss

Pancreatitis

A

Caused by gallstone, alcohol abuse, other diseases.

27
Q

Discuss

Appendicitis

A

Rebound tenderness is classic

28
Q

Discuss

Esophagitis

A

from infection or acids

29
Q

Discuss

Esophageal varices

A

Pressure on esophageal blood vessles increases as portal system gets clogged from liver damage. Eventually the vessels burst and bleed into esophagus.

30
Q

Discuss

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

A

Tears in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, usually after violent coughing/retching. Produces hematemesis, possibly melena.

31
Q

Discuss

Gastroenteritis

A

Acute gastroenteritis is infection combined with diarrhea, nausea, emesis. Noninfectious gastroenteritis has same hallmarks. Diarrhea is primary symptom.

32
Q

Discuss

Hemorrhoids

A

Swelling and inflammation of blood vessles around rectum

33
Q

Discuss

Cystitis

A

Bladder inflammation, often from infection (UTI).

34
Q

Discuss

Uremia

A

Inability to remove urea from the body

35
Q

Discuss

Kidney stone

A

Blocking ureter can cause swelling kidney, pain can be intense and radiate to groin

36
Q

Discuss

Kidney failure

A

Acute (reversible) and chronic (irreversible from hypertension and diabetes).

S/S:

  • AMS
  • lethargy
  • nausea
  • headache
  • cramps
  • edema in extremities and face.
37
Q

Discuss

AAA

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Often get back pain from tearing of peritoneum. Often describe pain uniquely as “tearing”. ACUTE ABDOMEN + S/S SHOCK NEEDS PROMPT TRANSPORT.

38
Q

Discuss

Hernia

A

Protrusion of organ through a hole into a cavity where it doesn’t belong. Reducible: can be pushed back in. Incarcerated: may become compressed and lose blood supply, called strangulation, a serious emergency.

39
Q

Discuss

S/S serious hernia

A
  • Formerly reducible becomes incarcerated
  • pain at hernia site, tenderness upon palpation
  • blue or red skin over hernia.
40
Q

Discuss

Method for palpating abdomen with pain

A

Palpate quadrants clockwise beginning with one AFTER location of pain.

41
Q

Discuss

What should not be given to acute abdomen pt’s?

A

Do not give anything by mouth

42
Q

Discuss

Guarding

A

Involuntary muscle spasms of abdominal wall; an effort to protect the inflamed abdomen

43
Q

S/S

Cystitis

A
  • Lower Q pain,
  • urgent urination,
  • pain around bladder

EMT Knowledge (22 decks)

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