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PRO 2024 > Chapter 16- Exigency And Emergency Aid > Flashcards

Chapter 16- Exigency And Emergency Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the limitations on exigency in the home?

A

Cannot be based on a circumstance that should have been anticipated. Must obtain a warrant if exigency ends.

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2
Q

When is exigency considered to be over?

A

Exigency is over if:
* Suspect has been arrested or removed from the house
* No longer any risk that evidence will be destroyed or removed
* All occupants of the premises have been removed and police post a guard.

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3
Q

In the case of a woman who was pistol whipped and police find out the pistol is in the man’s backyard is there exigency

A

No exigency - police already secured the scene, they needed a warrant.

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4
Q

What is ‘Hot Pursuit’ in law enforcement?

A

The pursuit of a felon or jailable misdemeanor suspect.

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5
Q

What action did officers take when they did not receive an answer at one apartment door during a hot pursuit?

A

Entered the apartment and arrested the suspect.

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6
Q

Police see suspect on her door step they go talk to her and she runs inside, can they pursue?

A

Yes hot pursuit

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7
Q

What creates exigency during a hot pursuit?

A

Flight itself usually creates exigency

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8
Q

When should officers NOT enter a residence during a misde pursuit?

A

If the suspect fled into their own house, believes the suspect won’t destroy evidence, or has no information that the suspect poses a risk of violence

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9
Q

What is the legal status of a refusal to stop in relation to misde pursuits?

A

Refusal to stop is a non-jailable offense

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10
Q

What type of offense is associated with the refusal to stop?

A

Civil offense

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11
Q

What was the outcome of the officers chasing a suspect who ran into a home after a civil infraction?

A

The evidence found (a gun) was deemed inadmissible due to only having probable cause for a civil infraction

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12
Q

Under what circumstance may officers enter to investigate a crime?

A

If there is reasonable belief of a crime in progress, such as an open door

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Officers may enter to investigate a crime in progress based on _______.

A

[reasonable belief]

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14
Q

What is required for police to justify entry in a domestic violence situation?

A

Potential victim must be at risk to justify the entry

If a victim comes to the station stating they are in danger, police may need a warrant to enter the suspect’s property unless there is an immediate threat.

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15
Q

True or False: Victim’s objection matters in determining police entry.

A

False

The objection of the victim does not restrict police entry if there is reasonable belief of danger.

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16
Q

Under what circumstances can police enter a house to restore peace?

A

When there is an ongoing disturbance

Police must assess the situation; if the disturbance has ended, entry may not be justified.

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17
Q

In what scenario is police entry considered good in relation to loud music?

A

Persistent loud music despite multiple requests to stop

If attempts to resolve the noise issue fail, police can enter to restore order.

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18
Q

True or False: Police can force entry if they see a known gang member running away.

A

False

Officers must have a valid reason for entry; seeing a gang member alone does not justify forceful entry.

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19
Q

Called for party in backyard with fireworks, arrive and hear nothing so they enter backyard and see owner and cocaine in plain view, good?

A

No, no exigency or consent

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20
Q

Underage drinking exigency is justified by what

A

Safety risk and destruction of evidence

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21
Q

What are the three main dangers that create exigency for law enforcement?

A

Violence, destruction of evidence, escape

These factors must establish probable cause and a real threat.

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22
Q

What must law enforcement have to justify actions based on exigency?

A

Probable cause and real threat of violence, evidence destruction, or escape

This is essential to proceed with exigent circumstances.

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23
Q

Name a factor that creates exigency related to the nature of the crime.

A

Felony and present violent crime

The severity of the crime impacts exigent circumstances.

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24
Q

What does it indicate if a suspect is believed to be armed?

A

Dangerous to delay entering

This increases the urgency for law enforcement action.

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25
Q

How does awareness of police involvement affect the situation?

A

It may incentivize violence, escape, or destruction of evidence

Suspects may act out of fear of apprehension.

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26
Q

What is a factor related to evidence that creates exigency?

A

Destruction of evidence

The risk of losing crucial evidence necessitates immediate action.

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27
Q

What is one factor that may create exigency during nighttime?

A

Magistrates are less available

This can hinder the ability to obtain a warrant quickly.

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28
Q

What is the rule regarding police creating exigency to enter without a warrant?

A

Police cannot create exigency to justify their decision to enter without a warrant

This principle ensures that law enforcement must follow legal protocols and not manufacture emergencies.

29
Q

What was the outcome of the case involving a home invasion suspect where police entered without a warrant?

A

The evidence obtained was ruled inadmissible because exigency was created

In this case, police were in the process of applying for a warrant but chose to act without it.

30
Q

Was the entry to arrest a rape suspect without a warrant deemed acceptable?

A

No, it was not acceptable

This highlights the requirement for a warrant in instances not involving immediate danger.

31
Q

In a violent crime scenario where a person shot co-workers due to delusions, was the police entry justified?

A

Yes, the entry was justified

The urgency was based on the potential for further harm to others.

32
Q

What happened when officers responded to a murder suspect who took a cab to a residence?

A

The entry was deemed good and justified

Officers acted on credible information regarding the suspect’s whereabouts.

33
Q

What impact does awareness of police have on suspects?

A

It provides motivation to destroy evidence, become violent, or attempt escape

This dynamic often influences the actions of individuals in criminal situations.

34
Q

In the scenario where an undercover officer was involved in a drug buy, was the entry based on safety justified?

A

Yes, it was justified

The presence of police outside created a safety concern for the undercover officer.

35
Q

Was the entry to arrest an escaped felon without a warrant justified?

A

No, it should have involved obtaining a warrant

This case reinforces the necessity of following legal procedures in arrests.

36
Q

What is required for lawful entry to arrest an escaped felon?

A

A warrant

Entry without a warrant is considered unlawful.

37
Q

What constitutes a bad entry in law enforcement?

A

Seeing people packaging drugs in the window

This scenario does not justify immediate entry.

38
Q

What is an example of unanticipated offender behavior that justified entry?

A

A last second change to do a controlled buy inside an apartment

Officer signaled the team to enter, making it a good entry.

39
Q

What does ‘problems that SHOULD be anticipated do not create exigency’ imply?

A

Anticipated problems cannot justify immediate actions without a warrant.

40
Q

Drug dealer is arrested then officer heard him call friends and told them to dump drugs - exigency to enter house or no

A

No should have anticipated that

41
Q

Feeling the engine of a car that was used in a homicide - exigency or no

A

Yes

42
Q

Blood on hands after killing girlfriend was the swab justified by exigency

A

Yes

43
Q

Stopping a guy who appeared to have stolen diamonds, taking them until determining if they were stolen or not was justified by

A

Probable cause to search not arrest

44
Q

What is the standard for emergency aid?

A

Reasonable suspicion that emergency assistance is needed to prevent physical harm, protect life, or provide assistance

This standard allows for immediate action in emergency situations without prior consent.

45
Q

What should have been done with the tequila bottle found during the well-being check?

A

Test it immediately

Delaying the testing of evidence can compromise the integrity of the investigation.

46
Q

What was the outcome of waiting four months to test the tequila?

A

No good; the evidence was compromised

Timeliness in evidence collection and testing is critical in legal proceedings.

47
Q

What is required for a seizure to be valid in this context?

A

Consent or a search warrant

Seizures conducted without proper legal authority may be deemed unlawful.

48
Q

What should you do if there is no answer at the door during a welfare check?

A

Check with dispatch for any past problems

Walk around perimeter

Talk to neighbors

This ensures that any prior incidents are taken into account before proceeding.

49
Q

Who should give consent for entry during a welfare check?

A

Supervisor

It is important to have proper authorization before entering a property.

50
Q

Elderly woman looking bad on the street and having health problems, police show up and she’s gone, well being check at her house finds guns - good or no

A

Good

This was discovered after entering her house for a well-being check.

51
Q

In a case of possible abuse or neglect, no answer at the door allowed for entry?

A

No entry under emergency aid

This emphasizes the importance of legal protocols during investigations.

52
Q

Child who tells teacher she is abused at home along with brother- entry good or bad

A

Good
## Footnote

This highlights the role of counselors in reporting suspected abuse.

53
Q

What was the situation involving the 15-year-old girl?

A

She went with a 24-year-old man at night and possibly faced rape

This situation underscores the risks associated with minors and adult relationships.

54
Q

True or False: Officers should always enter a home without any prior authorization during a welfare check.

A

False

Proper consent and protocols must always be followed.

55
Q

Are multiple entries after multiple days for the same incident allowed under emergency aid

A

Yes

56
Q

Apartment smelling like drugs and chemicals- good on emergency aid?

A

No

57
Q

Smell of gas from a gas leak at an apartment, police enter and handcuff the occupant was this good

A

Yes

58
Q

What is a warrantless entry in the context of fire scenes?

A

An entry made to remove occupants or check for the cause and origin of a fire without a warrant.

Warrantless entry is allowed under specific circumstances, such as when smoke is present or when occupants need to be rescued.

59
Q

Fire starts at 5am and still tending to it, investigators go in at 0700 is this good or need a warrant

A

Good

This situation justifies the immediate action taken by firefighters.

60
Q

When can investigators accompany firefighters during a fire

A

Firefighters may be joined by investigators while their equipment remains engaged at the scene.

This collaboration is crucial for accurate investigations.

61
Q

What is the status of the firefighters’ actions 6 hours after the fire is extinguished without equipment on scene?

A

NO GOOD; they need an administrative warrant for further entry.

This highlights the importance of having proper legal authorization for post-fire investigations.

62
Q

What does obtaining an administrative warrant for fire scenes require?

A
  1. A fire of undetermined origin occurred.
  2. Assurance that privacy of fire victims will not be intruded unnecessarily.

The search should be conducted at a reasonable and convenient time for the victims.

63
Q

Fill in the blank: To obtain a warrant for fire scenes, you must show that a fire of _______ origin occurred.

A

[undetermined]

Establishing the nature of the fire is essential for legal proceedings.

64
Q

What does an admin warrant do during fire scenes

A

Allows investigators to enter the buildings after the fire is over

65
Q

When do you need a search warrant at a fire scene

A

When you want to investigate beyond the origin of the fire

66
Q

If you have RS that the fire was started by arson what do you need to enter

A

Admin warrant

67
Q

If you have PC that the cause of the fire was arson what do you need

A

Search warrant

68
Q

Report of two dead dogs on a the property and one emaciated one and can’t find owner - good entry?

A

Yes

PRO 2024 (16 decks)

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