Chapter 16 - Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrin/o

Answer 1

endocrine glands or system

Question 2

pituitar/i

Answer 2

pituitary gland, hypophysis

Question 3

hypophysi/o

Answer 3

pituitary gland, hypophysis

Question 4

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 4

thyroid gland

Question 5

parathyr/o, parathyroid/o

Answer 5

parathyroid gland

Question 6

adren/o, adrenal/l

Answer 6

adrenal gland, epinephrine

Question 7

adrenocortic/o

Answer 7

adrenal cortex

Question 8

insul/o

Answer 8

pancreatic islets

Question 9

BPH

Answer 9

benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy)

Question 10

DRE

Answer 10

digital rectal examination

Question 11

PSA

Answer 11

prostate-specific antigen

Question 12

TURP

Answer 12

transurethral resection of the prostate

Question 13

ACTH

Answer 13

adrenocorticotropic hormone
(anterior pituitary)
Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones; aids in protecting body in stress situations (injury, pain).

Question 14

ADH

Answer 14

antidiuretic hormone
(posterior pituitary)
Promotes water reabsorption in kidney, causes blood vessels to constrict.

Question 15

DM

Answer 15

diabetes mellitus

Question 16

FBS

Answer 16

fasting blood sugar

Question 17

GH

Answer 17

growth hormone
(anterior pituitary)
Promotes growth of all body tissues.

Question 18

TSH

Answer 18

thyroid-stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary

Question 19

FSH

Answer 19

follicle-stimulating hormone
(anterior pituitary)
Growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles; growth of testes; sperm cell development.

Question 20

LH

Answer 20

luteinizing hormone
(anterior pituitary)
Development of corpus luteum in female; testosterone secretion in male

Question 21

PRL

Answer 21

prolactin
(anterior pituitary)
Stimulates milk secretion by mammary glands.

Question 22

oxytocin

Answer 22

(posterior pituitary)

Causes uterine contractions; milk ejection from mammary glands.

Question 23

T4 - thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)

T3 - triiodothryonine

Answer 23

(thyroid)

Increase metabolic rate and heat production, influence physical and mental activities, required for normal growth.

Question 24

parathyroid hormone

Answer 24

(parathyroid)

Regulates calcium exchange between blood and bones; increases blood calcium levels.

Question 25

cortisol

Answer 25

(adrenal cortex) | Aids in metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats; active during stress.

Question 26

aldosterone

Answer 26

(adrenal cortex) | Aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance.

Question 27

sex hormones

Answer 27

(adrenal cortex) | May influence secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 28

epinephrine

Answer 28

(adrenal medulla) | Response to stress; increases respiration, BP, and heart rate.

Question 29

insulin

Answer 29

(pancreatic islet) | Aids glucose transport into cells; decreases blood sugar levels.

Question 30

glucagon

Answer 30

(pancreatic islet) | Stimulates liver to release glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels.

Question 31

melatonin

Answer 31

(pineal) | Regulates mood, sexual development, and daily cycles.

Question 32

testosterone

Answer 32

(testis) | Growth and development of sexual organs, stimulates maturation of sperm cells.

Question 33

estrogen

Answer 33

(ovary) | Growth of primary sexual organs.

Question 34

progesterone

Answer 34

(ovary) Prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum; maintaining pregnancy, development of mammary glands secretory tissue.

Question 35

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 35

``` GH TSH ACTH FSH LH PRL ```

Question 36

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 36

ADH | oxytocin

Question 37

thyroid gland

Answer 37

T4 | T3

Question 38

parathyroid gland

Answer 38

parathyroid hormone

Question 39

adrenal cortex

Answer 39

cortisol aldosterone sex hormones

Question 40

pancreatic islet

Answer 40

insulin | glucagon

Question 41

adrenal medulla

Answer 41

epinephrine

Question 42

pineal gland

Answer 42

melatonin

Question 43

testis

Answer 43

testosterone

Question 44

ovary

Answer 44

estrogen | progesterone