Chapter 16, Approaches to treatment and therapy Flashcards
drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; they are often used off label and inappropriately for other disorders such as dementia and impulsive aggressiveness
antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)
drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders, especially depression and anxiety
antidepressant drug
drugs commonly but often inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety or worry
tranquilizers
a drug frequently given to people suffering from bipolar disorder
lithium carbonate
the apparent success of a medication or treatment due to the patient’s expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself
placebo effect
the amount of a drug that us enough but not too much, taking into account the fact that the same dose of a drug may be metabolized differently in men and women, old people and young people, and different ethnic people
therapeutic window
any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour
psychosurgery
a procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which brief brain seizure is induced
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
psychoanalysis
in psychodynamic therapies, a critical process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions such as emotional feelings about his or her parents, onto the therapist
transference
a form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviours
behaviour therapy
in behaviour therapy, a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides
graduated exposure
in behaviour therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation and remains there until his or her panic subsides
flooding
in behaviour therapy, a step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience; it is based on the classical-conditioning procedure of counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
in behaviour therapy, a method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behaviour to be changed
behavioural self-monitoring
in behaviour therapy, an effort to teach the client skills that he or she may lack, as wee as new constructive behaviours to replace self-defeating others
skills training
a form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions
cognitive therapy
a form of cognitive therapy devised by Albert Ellis, designed to challenge the client’s unrealistic thoughts
rational emotive behaviours therapy (REBT)
a form of psychotherapy based on the philosophy of humanism, which emphasizes the client’s free will to change rather than past conflicts
humanist therapy
a humanist approach devised by Carl Rogers, which emphasizes the therapist’s empathy with the clients and the use of unconditional positive regard
client-centred (non-directive) therapy
a form of therapy designed to help clients explore the meaning of existence and face the great question of life, such as death, freedom, alienation, and loneliness
existential therapy
an approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system
family-systems perspective
the bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the client’s problems.
therapeutic alliance
research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group
randomized controlled trials
