Chapter 16, Approaches to treatment and therapy

Question 1

drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; they are often used off label and inappropriately for other disorders such as dementia and impulsive aggressiveness

Answer 1

antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)

Question 2

drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders, especially depression and anxiety

Answer 2

antidepressant drug

Question 3

drugs commonly but often inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety or worry

Answer 3

tranquilizers

Question 4

a drug frequently given to people suffering from bipolar disorder

Answer 4

lithium carbonate

Question 5

the apparent success of a medication or treatment due to the patient’s expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself

Answer 5

placebo effect

Question 6

the amount of a drug that us enough but not too much, taking into account the fact that the same dose of a drug may be metabolized differently in men and women, old people and young people, and different ethnic people

Answer 6

therapeutic window

Question 7

any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour

Answer 7

psychosurgery

Question 8

a procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which brief brain seizure is induced

Answer 8

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 9

a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

Answer 9

psychoanalysis

Question 10

in psychodynamic therapies, a critical process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions such as emotional feelings about his or her parents, onto the therapist

Answer 10

transference

Question 11

a form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviours

Answer 11

behaviour therapy

Question 12

in behaviour therapy, a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides

Answer 12

graduated exposure

Question 13

in behaviour therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation and remains there until his or her panic subsides

Answer 13

flooding

Question 14

in behaviour therapy, a step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience; it is based on the classical-conditioning procedure of counterconditioning

Answer 14

systematic desensitization

Question 15

in behaviour therapy, a method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behaviour to be changed

Answer 15

behavioural self-monitoring

Question 16

in behaviour therapy, an effort to teach the client skills that he or she may lack, as wee as new constructive behaviours to replace self-defeating others

Answer 16

skills training

Question 17

a form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions

Answer 17

cognitive therapy

Question 18

a form of cognitive therapy devised by Albert Ellis, designed to challenge the client’s unrealistic thoughts

Answer 18

rational emotive behaviours therapy (REBT)

Question 19

a form of psychotherapy based on the philosophy of humanism, which emphasizes the client’s free will to change rather than past conflicts

Answer 19

humanist therapy

Question 20

a humanist approach devised by Carl Rogers, which emphasizes the therapist’s empathy with the clients and the use of unconditional positive regard

Answer 20

client-centred (non-directive) therapy

Question 21

a form of therapy designed to help clients explore the meaning of existence and face the great question of life, such as death, freedom, alienation, and loneliness

Answer 21

existential therapy

Question 22

an approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system

Answer 22

family-systems perspective

Question 23

the bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the client’s problems.

Answer 23

therapeutic alliance

Question 24

research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group

Answer 24

randomized controlled trials