Chapter 16

Question 1

Establishing Operation

Answer 1

Describes any environmental variable that momentarily alters (a) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer; and (b) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.

Question 2

Motivating Operation

Answer 2

Variables serve to not only strengthen, but also weaken the value of a consequence as a reinforcer.

Question 3

Value Altering Effect

Answer 3

Either an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event, in which case the MO is an establishing operation or a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, in which the MO is an abolishing operation

Question 4

Abolishing Operation

Answer 4

Decrease in the momentary effectiveness of a given reinforcer

Question 5

Behavior Altering Effect

Answer 5

Either an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event called evocative effect or a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event, called abative effect

Question 6

Function-Altering Effects

Answer 6

Consequences can change the organism’s repertoire enabling the organism to behave differently in the future. These variables include reinforcers, punishers, and the occurrence of a response without its reinforcer, or without its punisher.

Question 7

Unconditioned Motivating Operations

Answer 7

Unlearned aspects of value-altering effects. Said another way, people are born with the capacity to be affected by food reinforcement as a result of food deprivation (asking for food, going to where food is kept, cooking)