Chapter 16 Flashcards
Genome
the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
Identical Twins
When one fertilized egg splits in two.
Fraternal Twins
When 2 separate eggs are fertilized at the same time.
Temperament
Emotional reactivity and excitability, a part of personality.
Heritability
works that estimates how much variation in a phenotypic trait in a population is due to genetic variation among individuals in that population.
Molecular Genetics
is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.
Molecular behaviour genetics
the subfield of psychology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.
Epigenetics
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
Evolutionary Psychologists
Focus on what makes us so alike as humans.
Natural Selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
Mutations
Random errors in gene replication.
Social script
Culture’s guide about how people should act in certain situations.
Culture
The behaviours, ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs shared by a group of people.
Individualist
An independent sense of “me” and awareness of your unique personal convictions and attitudes.
Collectivist
You may experience a loss of identity. cut off from your friends and family you may lose some of what makes you who you are.
Gender
Biological traits that help define your sex. including cultural expectations about what it means to be male/female.
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt someone physically or emotionally.
Relational aggression
Passing along hurtful rumours or shutting someone out of a social situation.
X chromosome
Your mother’s chromosomal contribution to your DNA.
Y chromosome
Your father’s chromosomal contribution to your DNA.
Testosterone
Production of testosterone is triggered by the Y chromosome… MALE.
Puberty
Dramatic physical changes that occur during adolescence.
Primary Sex Characteristics
Genitalia and external sex characteristics that develop during puberty.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Facial hair, underarm hair, larger hips in females and breasts.
Spermarche
A boy’s first wet dream.
Menarche
A girl’s first period. usually around age 12 and a half.
Disorder of sexual development
Occurs when a fetus is exposed to an abnormal amount of sex hormones and have anatomy that is not specifically male or female.
Gender roles
How you are supposed to act in societies eyes based on your sex.
Gender identity
Our personal sense of being male or female.
Gender typing
taking on the traditionally male or female roles.
Social learning theory
Assumes we acquire gender identity during childhood by observing gender linked behaviour.
Androgyny
A blend of male and female that some people prefer.
Selection Effect
Adolescents tend to seek out like minded peers.
