Chapter 15

Question 1

Low level consciousness

Answer 1

Includes cognition & rhythms

Question 2

High Level consciousness

Answer 2

Includes dreams, hypnosis & drugs

Question 3

Consciousness

Answer 3

Our awareness of ourselves & our environment.

Question 4

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 4

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked to our mental processes - relating specific brain states to conscious experiences.

Question 5

Dual Processing

Answer 5

Unconscious processing occurring simultaneously on several different tracks. (conscious and unconscious)

Question 6

Blindsight

Answer 6

is the ability of people who are cortically blind due to lesions in their striate cortex, to respond to visual stimuli that they do not consciously see.

Question 7

Parallel processing

Answer 7

the ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality.

Question 8

Selective attention

Answer 8

When your mind focuses on one specific thing in your environment. EX: hearing only one voice in a busy room.

Question 9

Inattentional blindness

Answer 9

It may be further defined as the event in which an individual fails to recognize an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight due to lack of attention.

Question 10

Change Blindness

Answer 10

Is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it.

Question 11

Change Deafness

Answer 11

When listening to audio, people did not notice a change in the narrator.

Question 12

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 12

Internal 24 hr clock.

Question 13

Alpha Waves

Answer 13

type of brain wave that occur when a person is relaxed, but still awake. Alpha waves typically occur when you are falling asleep, as you pass from wakefulness into sleep

Question 14

Hallucinations

Answer 14

Sensory experiences that occur without sensory stimuli.

Question 15

Delta Waves

Answer 15

These brain waves are thought to emerge from the thalamus and are generally associated with slow-wave sleep (during stages three and four of the stages of sleep. This period of time during which delta waves occur is often known as deep sleep.

Question 16

Suprachiasmic nucleus

Answer 16

A pair of rice sized 10,000 cell clusters in the hypothalamus. Causes the pineal gland to produce less melatonin in the morning.

Question 17

5 Reasons we sleep

Answer 17

1 - Sleep protects. We do our best/safest hunting in the day time. sleep protects us as we are not built to hunt at night.
2- Sleep helps us recuperate. Helps the immune system and repairs brain tissue.
3 - Helps restore our memories of the day. sleep consolidates our memories.
4 - Sleep facilitates creative thinking. Dreams can inspire us.
5 - Sleep supports growth. During sleep the pituitary gland releases hormones necessary for muscle growth,

Question 18

Insomnia

Answer 18

Persistent problems staying/falling asleep, resulting in exhaustion and increased depression.

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

people who have sudden and overwhelming attacks of sleepiness, usually lasting 5 minutes.

Question 20

Sleep Apnea

Answer 20

People intermittently stop breathing during sleep.

Question 21

Night Terrors

Answer 21

Affects children mostly, who have increased heart rate, appear terrified and may sit up and walk around.

Question 22

Dreams

Answer 22

Dreams are vivid, emotional and sometimes bizarre.

Question 23

Why we dream

Answer 23

1 - Satisfy our desires. A safe place to experience things that we don’t feel safe to experience in reality.
2 - File away memories. sort through the day’s experiences.
3- Develop and preserve neural pathways.
4 - Make sense of neural static. Dreams are the brains attempt to synthesize random brain activity.
5 - Reflect cognitive development. See dreams as a form of cognitive maturation.

Question 24

Manifest content

Answer 24

The remembered storyline of a dream.

Question 25

Latent content

Answer 25

unconscious drives and wishes that would be threatening if expressed directly.

Question 26

REM Rebound

Answer 26

is the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation.