chapter 16 Flashcards
serves to anchor, support, and protect the teeth
periodontium
structures that anchor the tooth in the alveolar socket
Periodontal (peri-odont-al) tissues/ligaments
bony socket in which teeth are located
Alveolar (alveo/l-ar) tissue
the gum tissue that surrounds the tooth to protect the tooth root and the underlying tissues
Gingiva
structure that covers the whole root
Cementum
gingival tissues react to the build-up of plaque
Dental plaque involvement
the gums react to dental plaque more intensely due to internal factors such as pregnancy or malnutrition
Dental plaque with systemic involvement may be called induced gingivitis
gingivitis secondary to causes other than plaque. An example would be a bacterial infection
Non-dental plaque lesions
gingivitis is secondary to allergic responses to extrinsic factors, such as certain foods
Allergies
the gingivae become inflamed as a result of an injury
Trauma
inflammation that progresses slowly and is a long-term problem
Chronic periodontitis
rapid loss of periodontal tissue and bone destruction, usually the result of bacteria
Aggressive periodontitis
loss of periodontal tissue despite optimal oral hygiene and patient compliance
Refractory periodontitis
peridontium is inflamed secondary to other diseases or disorders, such as malnutrition, AIDS
Periodontitis due to systemic disease
rapidly progressing diseases where the tissue cells become necrotic (irreversible cell death). May affect the gingivae only (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis), or may involve other periodontal tissues as well (necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis)
Necrotizing periodontal diseases
redness
Erythema
swelling
Edema:
Common signs of periodontal disease stippling is the ‘speckling of fine dots’ seen on the tissues. When this stippling is lost, the tissues become sleek and shiny
Stippling loss
as the gums begin to recede, tooth root surfaces can be seen
Pocket formation
foul-smelling fluid or semi-solid discharge
Exudate
teeth become loose and more mobile due to lack of anchoring and support
Tooth mobility
scaling and removal of plaque, calculi (tartar, plural of calculus), and other irritants from the gingivae
Periodontal debridement
removing stains and other irritants from the teeth
Tooth polishing
individualized instructions for optimal home hygiene, might include antibacterial (anti-bacteri-al) agents, mouth rinses, improved food choices
Patient education
cutting into the mucous membranes to correct the shape or position of the gingivae, or to ease the swelling caused by pericoronitis
Mucogingival excision
refers to inflammation of the gums around the crown of an erupting tooth
pericoronitis
portion of tissue is detached from the underlying alveolar bone to allow for drainage of exudate or other irritants, and to allow for elimination/removal of deposits
Periodontal flap
involving the alveolar bone to alter its anchoring of the tooth, thereby altering the gingival tissues around the tooth
Osseous surgery
repair of structures in the vestibule (frenum and muscle attachments) to restore alveolar height
Vestibuloplasty
hand-held calibrated tool, to assess depth of pockets and evaluate periodontal health
Periodontal probe
thin tapered tip that surveys and seeks causes of the periodontal disease, such as calculus (tartar) and dental overhangs from restorations. The explorer can also search for disease at a root furcation
Explorer
sharp blade removes supragingival calculi and stains
Scaler
longer tip to access posterior teeth, to remove supragingival calculi and stains
Hoe
another instrument that can remove calculi
Chisel
scoop-shaped tool used to scrape off abnormal or necrotic tissue, and to remove subgingival calculi deposits (below the gingiva)
Curette
hand-held instrument used to grind, smooth, and can crush large calculi
File
produce extremely rapid vibrations to remove dental deposits
Ultrasonic tips
to remove last stains, and polish
Power polishing units
measures the depth of the pocket caused by gingival detachment from the tooth
Periodontal pocket marker
cutting tool to remove unwanted tissue, or create a flap
Periodontal knife
power-driven device that can incise/cut and coagulate (clot) blood simultaneously
Electrosurgery tip
power-driven device used to grind and scrape off abnormal tissue and deposits
Laser tip
When gums react intensely to dental plaque, the term ____ is used
a) gingival gingivitis
b) induced gingivitis
c) calculi gingivitis
d) pandemic gingivitis
B
Necrotizing periodontal disease leads to tissues that ____
a) are irreversibly damaged
b) bleed easily
c) require orthodontics
d) develop carious lesions
A
The term periodontopathic refers to ____
a) swelling around the tooth
b) the study of periodontics
c) a redenned periodontium
d) that which causes periodontic disease
D
The prefix in the word erythrocytosis indicates ____
a) white patches
b) more swelling
c) redness
d) bluish discoloration
C
A grain-like tumour around the root of a tooth is ____
a) an apicopantoma
b) a diploapicaloma
c) a periapical granuloma
d) an apical perigranuloma
C
The term gingivoosseous pertains to ____
a) the gums and underlying bone
b) mouth and gum suturing
c) lip and tongue swelling
d) red and swollen gingivae
A
Vestibuloplasty can include ____
a) exodontias
b) periodontia
c) frenectomy
d) glossorrhaphy
C
The periodontal flap can create an opening to ____
a) drain pus
b) supply nerves
c) restore teeth
d) remove stains
A
The explorer ____
a) searches for periodontopathic causes
b) vibrates at a high speed
c) is used to create a periodontal flap
d) removes stains and polishes
A
Periodontitis that is long-term is called ____
a) congenital
b) alveolar
c) acute
d) chronic
D
The dental socket is the ____
a) apical structure
b) coronal structure
c) cemental structure
d) alveolar structure
D
The patient complaining of a generalized sore mouth has ____
a) oroplasia
b) periororrhagia
c) chlorostomatitis
d) stomatalgia
D
When tissue stippling is lost ____
a) necrosis occurs
b) the teeth mobilize with more ease
c) the alveolar bone protrudes
d) tissues become glossy and smooth
D
Osseous surgery involves ____
a) teeth
b) bone
c) gums
d) tongue
B
Break down the word periodontopathic
a) peri-odont/o-path-ic
b) peri-odont-opath-ic
c) peri/o-dont/o-pathic
d) peri-odont/o-pathic
A
. The electrosurgery tip ____
a) scrapes abnormal tissue
b) has a hemostatic effect
c) crushes large sections of tartar
d) instills medication into prepared cavities
B
. Gingivitis can be caused by ____
a) plaque
b) bacteria
c) injury
d) any of the above
D
. An abscess with pyorrhea ____
a) does not respond to antibiotics
b) always involves the cementum
c) is draining pus
d) is half formed
C
Pericoronitis in the adult is usually caused by ____
a) an apicotomy
b) an erupting molar
c) a viral illness
d) a periodontal flap
B
Deep pockets caused by receding gums can be measured with the ____
a) explorer
b) periodontal scaler
c) periodontal probe
d) laser tip
C
Another term for hypercementosis is ____
a) cementum hyperplasia
b) cementum macroglossia
c) hypercementitis
d) megacementorrhagia
A
The bifurcated tooth ____
a) is half fused
b) is half grown
c) has two carious lesions
d) divides into two roots
D
Instruments that remove tartar are ____
a) hoe, scaler, chisel
b) explorer, polishing unit
c) knife, hoe, probe
d) pocket marker, scaler
A
Regardless of compliant care, the patient’s gums remain inflamed. He has __
a) non-dental plaque lesions
b) chronic cementorrhagia
c) necrotic pulp
d) refractory periodontitis
D
Exudate is ____
a) removal of sutures
b) debridement
c) an oozing discharge
d) plaque or tartar
C
Inflammation of the gums and inside oral tissues is ____
a) gingivostomatitis
b) gingivoroplasty
c) gingivocheilitis
d) gingivosseal
A
Surgical repair and reshaping of the mucogingival tissue is called ___________________________
mucogingivoplasty
What surgical procedure is used to repair the gums? _______
gingivoplasty
What is the plural of periodontium? _________________________________
periodontia
Which scoop-shaped tool removes subgingival tissue and deposits? ____________________________
curette
