chapter 12 Flashcards
refers to inflammation of the dental pulp
Pulpitis
pertaining to within the tooth
endodontic
area around the root
periradicular (peri-radicu/l-ar) tissues
used to name the area around the apex.
periapical
state of tissue death
Necrosis
tissue is no longer vital, and damage is permanent and cannot be reversed
necrotic
state in which the tooth is loose within the socket and can be overly moved
hyperextension
decomposing and rotting pulp, causing a strong foul odor
Putrefaction
dental pain
Pulpalgia
painful response to factors such as cold, heat, and sweetness
Hypersensitivity
using the sense of touch to feel dental structures
Palpation
tapping, to hear the sound created
Percussion
ability to loosen and move a tooth within its socket
Mobility
passing light through dental tissue to disclose fractures
Transillumination
application of heat or cold, to assess sensitivity
Thermal test
scraping the exposed dentin, to determine presence of pain
Dentin stimulation
electrical stimulation to register sensitivity
Pulp vitality test
X-ray exam
Radiograph
inflammation around the tooth
Periodontitis
pus-containing sac
Suppurative abscess
inflammation around the cementum
Pericementitis
abnormal sac which contains a fluid or semi-solid material
Cyst
inflammation of cells in the subcutaneous (sub-cutane-ous) tissue or connective tissue
Cellulitis
inflammation of the bone
Osteomyelitis
scraping of the tooth’s apex to removal abnormal tissue
Curettage
cutting into the dental pulp
Pulpotomy
surgical removal of the tooth’s apex
Apicoectomy or tooth resection
severing the root from the remainder of the tooth
Root amputation
surgical removal of one root together with related dentin and corona, in a tooth with more than one root
Root hemisection
removal of the tooth’s entire pulp
Pulpectomy commonly termed root canal treatment
‘numbing’ the area to prevent pain during the procedure
Anesthesia
to prevent damage to other teeth and maintain an aseptic field
Isolating
surgically removing the pulpal tissue and nerve
Extripation
removal of the necrotic pulp and cleaning/scraping out the area
Debridement
rinsing/cleaning the area with the use of chemicals and instruments
Irrigation
closure of the open area, with restorative material
Obturation
burnishing, polishing, and returning the tooth to normal function
Restoration
a barbed wire instrument to explore the canal, and remove the pulp
Broach
drill-type instrument to enlarge the canal
Reamer
power-driven rotary instrument to enlarge the canal wider
Pesso Reamer
various shapes and sizes to smoothe and plane the pulpal canals
Files
various sizes to enlarge the canal
Drills
various sizes of small cones of absorbent paper used to dry the site, or transport medication to the area
Paper points
rotary instruments to shape the form of the canal
Burs and stones
rubber band attached to instruments to determine/recall the depth of the canal
Stopper
tapered instrument for inserting the filling materia
Root canal spreader
tapered instrument for pressing gutta-percha points into the canal
Root canal plugger
similar to the root canal plugger, instrument to pack down the unset material into the canal
Root canal condenser
flexible spiral wire to apply filling into the canal
Lentulo
has an end onto which a needle can be accommodated, and secured with a twisting motion
Luer-loc syringe
small tapered cones of gutta-percha (coagulated juice from a tree, that has protecting and sealing properties) used to fill the canal
Gutta-percha points
pure silver cone shapes used to occlude the canal
Silver points
pastes and fillers that are used to close the canal
Cements
chemical mixture that softens dental walls
Chelator
chemical agent that absorbs moisture
Desiccant
loose tooth as a result of a direct blow
Concussion
partially dislocated tooth
Subluxation
partial displacement with the tooth’s apex which is angled laterally (to the side of the tooth)
Lateral luxation
the tooth can be partially forced out of its socket, with movement seen toward the tooth’s occlusal surface
Extruded luxation
tooth is completely separated and dislodged from the socket
Avulsion
any part of the tooth that has broken
Fracture
Why are submaterials used as insulation?
a) to protect against stress and jolts
b) to encourage dentin growth
c) tocoat the crown
d) to retain metal pins
a
. The mylar strip is used ____
a) on anterior teeth
b) when submaterials require bonding
c) to mix restorative materials
d) to cement restorative materials
a
The luting agent ____
a) fastens to restorative material
b) maintains embrasure
c) is a final restorative laminate
d) is applied directly on the carious lesion
a
Why is debridement required prior to restoring a tooth?
a) to remove the carious lesion
b) to isolate the tooth
c) to encourage dentin growth
d) to coat the tooth
a
The agent that is blended into a uniform mixture/composition is ____
a) iso-sept-ous
b) albu-bio-form
c) pan-sial/o-stat-ic
d) homo-gen-ous
d
To evaluate occlusal surface contacts after restoration
a) mylar strip matrices are inserted
b) a laminating agent is luted
c) restorative material is burnished
d) articulating paper is used and assessed
d
. What does mulling refer to?
a) smoothing and burnishing the amalgam
b) applying very thin sheets of gold
c) mixing and kneading amalgam
d) applying cement to metals posts and pins
c
Determine if the following are submaterials or restorative materials
amalgam \_\_\_\_ a) submaterial liner \_\_\_\_ b) restorative material varnish \_\_\_\_ veneer \_\_\_\_ gold foil \_\_\_\_ composite \_\_\_\_ acid etchant \_\_\_\_ bonding agent \_\_\_\_
b,a,a,b,b,b,a,a
Prior to restoration, a tooth is cut and shaped to ____
a) isolate the tooth
b) insulate the tooth
c) enhance the restorative material’s hold
d) protect against heat and chemicals
c
During restoration, i the tooth does not retain its normal shape and gingival space is obstructed, ____
a) the gums will bleed
b) embrasure is not maintained
c) restorative material hardens too slowly
d) restorative material is well burnished
b
To improve esthetic appearance, laminate is normally applied to the
a) buccal surface of pre-molars
b) proximal surface of molars
c) labial surface of incisors
d) lingual surface of canines
c
Small objects will not be swallowed if the dental professional uses
a) debridement
b) a rubber dam
c) a matrix
d) cementation
b
Dental filling material that extends beyond the tooth’s crown is called ____
overhang
Using force to pack restorative material is called ____
condensation
Another clinical term for amalgamation is ____
trituration
Why must the gingivae be isolated during a whitening procedure?
a) protects against chemical damage
b) ensures that saliva does not contaminate the apical surfaces
c) allows the materials to bond
d) prevents augmentation
a
Tissue grafting ____
a) is required for a dowel crown
b) is used with inlays
c) helps teeth bond
d) relocates tissue
d
What is used to construct most crowns?
a) metals and/or porcelain
b) amalgam
c) gels, pastes and liquids
d) matrices and laminates
a
Dental implants are ____
a) removable at will
b) permanently attached
c) constructed of amalgam
d) needed for jacket crowns
b
Gingival contouring is a form of ____
a) gingivoma
b) gingivicide
c) gingivitis
d) gingivotomy
d
The dowel crown ____
a) has a metal pin or post
b) is reserved for anterior teeth
c) must be desensitized
d) augments the gingiva
a
What does pocket depth reduction achieve?
a) elimination of space between gums and teeth
b) exposure of roots
c) insertion of posts and pins
d) veneer fusing with gold foil
a
Gingival augmentation is a form of ____
a) gingivostasis
b) gingivoscope
c) gingivoplasty
d) gingivoplegia
c
The crown usually reserved for placement over an incisor tooth is called the __________________ crown
jacket
The crown built solely of porcelain, without the use of metals is the __________________ crown
Procera
The metal used to build the majority of implant posts is _________________
titanium
When an implant and a bone are permanently united, the process called __________________ has taken place
osseointegration
Desensitizing gel is applied before tooth whitening
a) true
b) false
F
The shade guide is used to find a color shade that matches the natural teeth
a) true
b) false
T
Another term for an endosseous implant could be an intraosteal implant
a) true
b) false
T
. Indirect veneer application requires at least two visits
a) true
b) false
T
The onlay is cemented into the prepared cavity
a) true
b) false
F
A subperiosteal implant is supramandibular
a) true
b) false
T
When pulp tissue is necrotic, it ____
a) takes longer to heal
b) cannot be salvaged
c) contains plaque
d) should be burnished
B
If infection from pulpitis extends to the root ____
a) apical periodontitis can occur
b) the pulp will heal more rapidly
c) prosthodontics are required
d) stomatosialorrhaphy occurs
A
What does putrefaction refer to?
a) severe decay
b) piece or fraction of pulp
c) extripation
d) subluxation
A
Clinically, a loose tooth is called ____
a) avulsed
b) hyperextended or luxated
c) extripated
d) isolated or obturated
B
The professional using a broach is
a) removing pulp
b) inserting gutta-percha points
c) condensing restorative material
d) softening dental surfaces
A
What is a desiccant?
a) a smoothing agent
b) a filling agent
c) a drying agent
d) a polishing agent
C
What is pulpalgia?
a) pulp paralysis
b) pulp pain
c) pulp infection
d) pulp removal
B
On which tooth can a pulpectomy be performed?
a) canine tooth
b) incisor tooth
c) molars
d) any tooth
D
Which part of ‘osteomyelitis’ denotes bone?
a) osteo
b) osteomy
c) myel
d) itis
A
What is the function of the root canal spreader?
a) to enlarge the cavity
b) to explore the depth of the canal
c) to distribute restorative material in a cavity
d) to mix medication for a restoration
C
When palpating, the clinician uses his/her ____
a) hands
b) stethoscope
c) transilluminating light
d) sense of smell
A
The root canal plugger and condenser are used to ____
a) absorb moisture within the canal
b) pack material into the canal
c) debride the canal
d) shape and enlarge the canal
B
What is subcutaneous cellulitis?
a) inflammation of tissue cells under the skin
b) redness of the cells
c) inflammation of the skin’s top layer
d) inflammation of the tooth’s apical surface
A
Suppurative gingivitis is inflammation of the gums with ____
a) subluxation
b) a root amputation
c) the presence of pus
d) dental hyperextension
C
What is another term for pulpectomy?
a) pulp cavity
b) pulpitis
c) root abscess
d) root canal treatment
D
Why is a rotary bur used in root canal treatment?
a) to shape the canal
b) to remove decay
c) to remove the nerve
d) to clean out the cavity
A
On which tooth can a root hemisection be performed?
a) a molar
b) an incisor tooth
c) a canine tooth
d) any tooth
A
Irrigation refers to
a) condensing and burnishing
b) washing out the cavity
c) isolating the tooth
d) inserting absorbent points
B
What is luxation?
a) a loose tooth
b) dental cleaning
c) inserting a post
d) bite registration
A
Cold and heat are common factors that cause carious lesions
a) true
b) false
F
Silver points are used to irrigate a canal
a) true
b) false
F
Another term for pulpitis is odontitis
a) true
b) false
T
The thermal test assesses dental sensitivity
a) true
b) false
T
Gutta-percha points have sealing and protecting properties
a) true
b) false
T
A chemical mixture that softens the dental wall is called a _______________
chelator
The _____________ is a procedure that is commonly called a tooth resection
apicoectomy
The flexible spiral wire instrument is called the ________________________
lentulo
The rubber band that is used to determine canal depth is called the ____________________
stopper
Scraping away abnormal dental tissue is called _______________________
curettage
________________ is an examination technique that requires a keen sense of hearing
percussion
