Chapter 16 Flashcards
Gangs are becoming more violent and are engaging in ___________________.
less typical and lower risk crime
Most large urban areas have ____________ sections of town known as drug distribution areas that are we’ll know to drug users.
copping areas
Gangs are more adaptable organized sophisticated and ______________.
opportunistic
In 2012 there were approximately 1.4 million active street prison and outlaw motorcycle gang members compromising over ___________ in the United States
33,000
Gang membership has increased most significantly in the ________________ regions
Northeast and Southeast
Criminal organizations formed on the street operating throughout the United States
Street gangs
Criminal organizations that originated within the penal system and operate within correctional facilities throughout the United States released members may be operating in the street
Prison gangs
Organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises
Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs)
Any group of motorcyclist who have voluntarily made a commitment to band together to abide by their organizations rules enforced by violence and who engage in activities that bring them and their club into repeated and serious conflict with society and the law
One percenter OMGs
Street gangs that are confined to specific neighborhoods and jurisdictions they often imitate larger more powerful gangs
Neighborhood/local gangs
Criminal law considers several categories of illegal behavior regarding drug abuse
Possession-actual physical custody of drug or constructive possession
Distribution- more serious charge is most commonly imposed for any exchange of drugs between 2 or more persons
Manufacturing-production of illicit drugs
Basically took all drugs considered dangerous under federal law and placed them into one of five schedules or categories based on the drug’s medical use potential for abuse and safety or propensity for dependence
The 1979 controlled substances act (CSA)
undercover investigators posing as dealers sell large quantities of narcotics to known traffickers
A reverse drug sting operation (particularly effective in dealing with sales of rock cocaine (crack)
It involves agents observing suspected drug traffickers and developing a pattern of behavior typical of those who use commercial airlines or public highways for drug trafficking
Drug courier profiling (operation pipeline) used by dea since 1985
Us Supreme Court upheld the technique of drug courier profiling in _____________.
United States v Sokolow (1989)
Provides civil provisions for asset forfeiture
The 1984 Comprehensive Crime Control Act (CCCA)
These areas are nothing more than street corners or public parks where small amounts of drugs are sold. It is common for many different drug sales to take place in a short period of time
Copping areas
Detroit police department identified two types of crack houses
“Buy and get high party house” - drugs are consumed on premises with illicit sex acts and “hole in the wall”- buyers put cash into a hole in the wall at the front door and receive crack from unidentified seller
__________________ report the highest number of gang members
Arizona California and Illinois
____________ including ms-13 18th street and Florencia 13 are expanding faster than other national level gangs both in membership and geographically
Sureno gangs
The group must be an ongoing organization association of 3 or more persons which have a common interest and or activity characterized by the commission of or involvement in a pattern of criminal or delinquent conduct
One percenter OMGs
ATF estimates 300 in the us
Criminal gangs whose members composition is that of more than one racial or ethnic group. to avoid police attention and make it more difficult for police to identify and monitor them
Hybrid gangs
More structured organization and hierarchy, not turf oriented and typically maintain a low profile
Asian gangs
Tend to align and adopt gang names based on clan or tribe
Somali gangs
Most rapidly expanding Caribbean gang and largest Dominican gang are a violent prison gang with members operating on the street
The Trinitarios
Street gang founded in Miami by Haitian immigrants in the United States
Zoe pound
Generally unsophisticated and lack a significant hierarchical structure, maintain ties to larger criminal organizations
Jamaican gangs
Loosely organized hybrid gang rapidly expanding into many us communities. Most crimes committed are sporadic disorganized individualistic simple assault personal drug use petty theft and vandalism
Juggalos
Mexican drug cartel based in matamoros
The gulf cartel
Act as assassins for the gulf cartel
The zetas
Violence in Mexico can be organized into 3 broad categories
Intra cartel-violence between members of same criminal syndicate
Inter cartel- violence between rival groups
Cartel versus government violence
Deliberate planned attacks by cartels in us assets including law enforcement Us citizens and government buildings
“Spillover” violence
Enforcement of this act required federal agents to arrest and interrogate suspects search and seize contraband and infiltrate criminal organizations through undercover techniques
The 1914 Harrison narcotic act
Drug has high potential for abuse no currently accepted medical use in treatment in us. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision
Schedule I
Examples heroin LSD marijuana peyote meth
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse, has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the us or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. A use may lead to severe psychological, or physical dependence
Schedule II
Amphetamine some morphine derivatives cocaine pcp
Drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than drugs in schedule I and II, has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in us. may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence
Schedule III
Some barbitures some opium derivatives glutethimide
Drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to drugs in schedule III. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in us. May lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to drugs in schedule III
Schedule IV
Choral hydrate tranquil zeros some stimulants and depressants
Has a low potential for abuse relative to drugs in schedule IV. Has a currently accepted medical use in us. May lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to drugs in schedule IV
Schedule V
Some extracts of opium morphine some derivatives of codeine
Almost always set up on the street in an area occupied by large numbers of street dealers or directly in front of a known crack house
“Rock reverse”
The reverse sting operation discussed here requires between ___________ to be conducted safely and efficiently
20 and 25 officers
Three under covers should be designated to perform principal street sales assignments. Primary undercover officer “A” will make drug sale while officers “B” and “C” position themselves within __________ of officer “A” on each side
200 feet
___________ is the principal vehicle used to accommodate officers making an arrest. This vehicle should be an inconspicuous panel or step van without rear or side windows and with double folding side doors
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 1- __________ should be assigned to this vehicle three of whom should be uniformed and remaining two wearing reflective raid jackets. Three of these officers should be designated to use weapons during arrest and other two search and handcuff arrestees
five officers
___________ are designated as blockade cars. Should be unmarked inconspicuous sedans with two undercover officers assigned to each parked about 100 feet on each side of van, pulled up to a position to block suspects vehicle at time of arrest or take down
Vehicles 2 and 3
__________ should be a surveillance van with audio/video, night vision, is stationary and is placed undercover within 100 feet of primary undercover officer A
Vehicle 4
____________ are marked units with two uniformed officers in each. Vehicles are assigned locations just outside the takedown area and are meant to provide additional coverage if suspects flee the area
Vehicle 5 and 6
Approximately ___ minutes before the operation begins marked police vehicles with uniformed officers should be sent into target area to disperse any actual drug dealers
20
The ___________ is responsible for selling the rocks while the other two officers direct potential customers to him or her and provide backup protection, if lasts for extended period these three officers should rotate assignments
Primary undercover officer
A subtle distinction between gangs and organized crime can be made with regards to the _____ of the groups and the length of time they have in existence.
size
Colombia is the source of an estimated ______ of the cocaine supply in the US market
90 percent
The placement of a drug under any particular category was based on its medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or ______________.
propensity for dependence
Under the CSA Act drugs can be added, removed or rescheduled at the initiation of the Department of Health and Human Services, DEA or by the _____________.
petition of any interested person
Each cocaine rock should be sealed in clear plastic tape, a plastic bag, _______ or other means
balloon
Under the 1984 CCCA the atty general or a designee can make an _________ transfer of the forfeited property so as to reflect the contribution of the state or local agency that participated in any of the facts that led to the seizure of the property
“Equitable”
