Chapter 11 Flashcards
High probability of death
Serious and/or permanent disfigurement
Loss or impairment of body members or organs
Aggravated assault
Threats by one person to cause bodily harm or death to another. Purposefully inflicting bodily harm on another
Simple assault
Preliminary investigation stages of assault investigations:
Control and disarm those involved in the altercation Provide medical aid Separate suspects Protect the crime scene Give Miranda warning Obtain prelim statements Photograph any evidence Collect and preserve evidence Reconstruct crime
It entails repeat victimization of the person the offender targets. It is partly defined by its impact on the victim. A course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person fear
Stalking
Stalking is a ____________ directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person fear.
Course of conduct
Three broad categories of stalking based on the relationship between the stalker and the victim
- Intimate or former intimate stalking
- Acquaintance stalking
- Stranger stalking
The UCR defines forcible rape as ______________ of a female forcibly and against her will
The carnal knowledge
Rapes reported under the UCR program are always of _______ ,sex attacks on males are excluded
females
Some jurisdictions refer to ________ rape as sexual battery which involves intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person without his or her consent that entails a sexual component or purpose
same sex
According to common law the crime of rape of a female over the age of consent involves three elements
Carnal knowledge (penetration)
Forcible submission
Lack of consent
Rape cases or somewhat unique in that evidence may present itself in three general areas
On the crime scene
On the victim
On the suspect or at locations occupied by the suspect
Primary motivation is power over his victim. Will usually deploy a plan of attack. Will usually select victims through prior observations. Also known as gentleman rapist
Power-reassurance rapist (manhood)
Rapists primary desire is to demonstrate his manhood to the victim through sexual assault. Seldom plans his attacks will probably use the con approach with his victim, typically of same race and age group as assailant moderate degree of force
Power assertive rapist
Offender vents his anger and frustration toward the opposite sex by punishing them. Typically use a blitz type of attack with use of force before and after attack
Anger retaliatory rapist
Offender has a strong propensity toward sadism is prone to severely injure or murder his victim and enjoys the victims response to the infliction of pain and torture
anger excitation rapist
Victim is approached openly with a subterfuge or cover
Con approach
Immediate physical assault is used to subdue the victim
Blitz approach
Attacker waits for the victim in a secluded area and then approaches of his own volition
Surprise approach
Derogatory gestures or name calling between two persons does not give the right to use violence or force against the other
Naler v State 1933
Hostages overtime identify with their captors (battering relationships)
Stockholm syndrome
Nearly 60 percent of female victims and 30 percent of male victims are stalked by _______________.
Current or former intimate partners
The behavior of stalking lasts only a relatively short period of time about two thirds of all stalking cases last a ___________.
year or less
70 to 80 percent of stalking cases fall into this category
Intimate or former intimate stalking
60 percent of women are stalked by spouses or former spouses live in partners or dates while 70 percent of men are stalked by ______________
Acquaintances or strangers
There must be ________ on the part of the woman before there can be a foundation for a rape charge
Resistance
Consent may involve submission but submission does not necessarily _____________.
imply consent
Corroboration is supportive evidence that tends to prove that a crime was committed it lends credence to the allegation that the crime occurred and need not be _____________.
Proved beyond doubt
A single strand of hair may reveal the _____________of the attacker
Gender, race, age ,and true color of the hair of it’s host
List of some essential elements of the rape evidence kit
Head hair brushing comb Pubic hair brushing comb Packages for hair collection Vaginal swabbings Oral swabbings Anal swabbings Fingernail scrapings Misc debris collection
An officers first duty at the scene of a rape is to __________ and obtain medical attention immediately if required
aid the victim
The forensic exam has two main goals
Treat the assault survivor for medical injuries and to collect evidence that may lead to the arrest prosecution and conviction of the offender
Power reassurance rapist accounting for an estimated 81 percent of rapes that are reported ,the term power does not imply that he desires to harm his victim physically in any way _______
he does not
Use of force may include four levels of severity
Minimal force-minimal slapping may be use to intimidate
Moderate force repeated hitting or slapping in a painful manner is accompanied by use of profanity
Excessive force victim is beaten on all or most parts of her body
Brutal force sadistic torture infliction of physical and emotional pain are used
If the assault was a mutual assault officers must try to determine the primary physical aggressor by:
Prior domestic violence involving either person
Seriousness of injuries inflicted upon each person
Potential for future injury
If assault was committed in self defense
Any other factor that will help officer
Restraining orders also known as _______ or protective orders are intended to prevent offenders from further harassing threatening or contacting the victims.
“Stay away”
Those with robust abuse histories may be the ________to be deterred by such orders
least likely
Preying on a victim through his or her computer
Cyberstalking
Clothing should be covered with ______ before folding and each item individually placed in an evidence bag.
paper
If the victim dies before the physical examination she should not be examined by the attending physician. Instead body should be examined by the _______________.
Posting physician or medical examiner
This ______ period gives the victim an opportunity to relieve emotional tension
“Ventilation”
Arresting both participants in domestic violence incident under the principle of “mutual combat” is __________ toward interrupting the pattern of violence
ineffective
It is estimated that more than a ________ women and nearly half a million men are stalked in the US each year
million
___ of victims are women and majority of offenders 87% are men
78%
Most victims _____ their stalkers
Know
In over 75 percent of completed and attempted female homicides by intimates the offenders stalked the victims in the ________ the offense
year before
Male stalking is often linked to the ____________that the targets hold in society
High profile positions
Men stalk other men for same reasons they stalk women: a complex mix of mental and personality disorders that can include schizophrenia, drug dependency, _________ and antisocial behavior
narcissism
70 to 80 percent of stalking cases fall into this category
Intimate or former intimate stalking
Stalker and victim know each other casually
Acquaintance stalking
Stalker and victim do not know each other at all
Stranger stalking
The first multi jurisdictional computer forensic laboratory in the country was established in ____________. It aims to identify cyber stalkers
1999 in San Diego California
60 percent of women are stalked by spouses former spouses live in partners or dates while 70 percent of men are stalked by ____________
acquaintances or strangers
In many cases the crime if stalking requires the victim actually suffer _________ because of the stalkers conduct
substantial emotional distress
An estimated _____ of all sexual assaults are believed to go unreported to authorities
50 percent
The victims fear of _______ has been cited as the reason most often given for non reports
Embarrassment
It has been estimated that _____ of all college women have been victims of rape or attempted rape
20 percent
In a majority of rape cases the attack is premeditated, in about _______ of the cases
80 percent
Rohypnol and GHB
Date rape drugs
Rapes between midnight and 5am every 7-20 days
Power reassurance rapist
Has no vehicle rapes within walking distance of his home
Power reassurance rapist
Rapes between 7pm and 1am every 20 to 25 days
Power assertive rapist
Selects victims by watching and window peeping
Power reassurance rapist
Selects women his own age uses overpowering approach or con approach dominates victim indoor or outdoor
Power assertive rapist
Uses weapon of choice
Power assertive
Seldom plans his attacks and is an opportunist by nature. Victims are same sex and age group as assailant
Power assertive rapist
Any hour irregular 6-12 month intervals
Anger retaliatory
Victim of opportunity in own neighborhood or near work
Anger retaliatory
Blitz attack
Anger retaliatory
Uses profanity and degrading languages
Anger retaliatory
Loner drinker sports fan laborer or construction worker
Anger retaliatory
Extremely well planned
Anger excitation
Gloves and mask included in rape kit
Anger excitation
Day or night irregular intervals
Anger excitation
