Chapter 10 Flashcards
Theft or attempted theft in direct confrontation w/victim by force or the threat of force
Robbery
Robbery is a personal crime and involves _________ contact between the victim and the offender
face to face
Terms for robbery include
Holdups, muggings, and stick ups
The _________________ defines robbery as the taking or attempting to take anything of value from care custody or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear
Uniform crime reporting program
McClintock and Gibson have found that robbery follows one of five patterns
Robbery of persons employed in positions placing them in charge of money or goods (banks)
Robbery in open areas (muggings/street robberies)
Robbery on private premises
Robbery after preliminary association of short duration
Robbery after previous association of some duration between victim and offender
____________ typically involve targets such as stores and businesses located close to major thoroughfares
Commercial robberies
__________ usually involve robberies of individual retail bank branches
Bank robberies
________________ target retail businesses that emphasize providing the public a convenient location to quickly purchase products and services
Convenience store robberies
____________ are committed on public streets and alleyways and are the most common type of robberies
Street robberies
Vehicle robberies usually target the _______ of the vehicle
driver
Has a long term commitment to crime as a source of livelihood planning and organizing crimes before committing them and pursuing money to support a particular lifestyle
Professional robber
Steals to obtain small amounts of money when a vulnerable target is identified
Opportunistic robbery
Steals to support a drug habit has a low commitment to robbery but a high commitment to theft
Drug addict robbery
Excessive alcohol consumption may cause some persons to enter into robbery as a criminal alternative
Alcoholic robbery
The first officer on the scene should cover ____________ exit from the robbery location
the most likely
Because many robbers are _________ it is important to document the techniques and method if operation (mo) used by the suspect
recidivists
Those involving multiple armed offenders are less common but more lucrative losses are 10 times greater than average
Takeover robberies
ATM robberies most occur at night with the highest risk between ___________
Midnight and 4 am
The average loss resulting from ATM robberies is between _________.
$100 and $200
Robbers stake out streets and exit ramps from airports and when automobile drivers come to a stop at a streetlight the robbers approach the car break the window and holdup driver at gun point
Smash and grab robbery
The primary motivation for robbery is to obtain money although some juvenile robbers are also motivated by peer influence and the quest for _______.
“thrills”
Firearms were used in 41 percent of robberies and 42 percent were ____________.
strong-arm robberies
The loss sustained in most robberies is less than _____.
$100
Commercial robbery typically occurs at the end of a workweek and during the evening and ___________.
very early morning hours
_____ of bank robbers tried in the US courts are convicted and sentenced.
93 percent
Bank robberies are _________________ crimes that are often acts of desperation.
spontaneous and opportunistic
The measures that might deter an amateur may well increase the likelihood of violence by _________.
Professional robbers
Convenience store robberies have been classified according to the offenders MO:
Straight: demanding money immediately
Customer: demanding money after engaging the act of making a purchase
What kind of robber:
Note passed to teller or simple verbal demand
Waits in line
No weapon
Amateur robber
What kind of robber
Multiple offenders with division of labor Shows evidence of planning May be older prior bank convictions Travels further to rob banks
Professional robber
Targets banks early in the week
Professional robber
Targets banks near closing or on Friday
Amateur robber
What kind of robber: Previous robbery Busy road near intersection Multidirectional traffic Corner locations multiple vehicle exits
Professional robber
What kind of robber: Previous robbery Heavy pedestrian traffic or adjacent to dense multifarious residences Parcels without barriers Parcels with egress obscured
Amateur robber
Offenders are more likely to rob youths(17 and below) between ______.
3-6pm
Cabs that pick up fares off the street or from taxi stands includes medallion or yellow cabs
Pay for hire cabs
Cabs that must be booked through a central dispatching office such as mini cabs
Car services
Home invasions begin as burglaries but ________ to robberies after the intrude discovers that there is someone home and chooses to use violence as a means of completing the theft.
convert
When someone has a right to be in the house and commits the crime. 54 percent of these robberies are committed by acquaintances
Residential robbery
In home invasions the most common point of attack is through the ________.
front door or garage
It is not stick ups or muggings but is an instance of petty extortion or a “shakedown” of students or teachers. (Average dollar loss is less than $1)
School robbery
In almost 9 out of 10 robbery victimization the robbers are ______.
Male
Victims _________ are more likely to be attacked than younger victims
65 and older
The _________ broadcast should contain as much important information as possible
Supplemental
Witnesses should be located and statements taken so a __________ can be broadcast
Flash
________ tactics tend to be the domain of the pack the individual mugger tends to prefer weapons and guns are the most common
Strong-arm
Physical evidence in robberies:
Blood Fingerprints Notes from robbers Binding material Fired cartridge
Firearms were used in 41 percent of robberies and 42 percent were ___________.
Strong arm robberies
In majority of bank robbers the perpetrator acts _____ in the facility but accomplices may be waiting in an escape vehicle outside
alone
