Chapter 16 & 18

Question 1

What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?

Answer 1

Peristalsis

Question 2

Which nerve controls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?

Answer 2

Vagus

Question 3

Which condition is caused by abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 3

Hiatal hernia

Question 4

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

Answer 4

Jejunum

Question 5

_____ is the esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.

Answer 5

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 6

The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:

Answer 6

Gallbladder

Question 7

Which of the following is a general function of the liver?

Answer 7

Bile production
Metabolic regulation
Hematological regulation

Question 8

The liver receives about ____ percent of cardiac output.

Answer 8

25

Question 9

What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the U.S.

Answer 9

Hep C

Question 10

Roughly half of our daily vitamin _____ requirements are produced by intestinal bacteria.

Answer 10

K

Question 11

Patients with hallow organ problems tend to have:

Answer 11

Diffuse abdominal pain

Question 12

The renal tubule is responsible for:

Answer 12

Reabsorbing useful organic molecules
Secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process
Reabsorbing water

Question 13

Filtration membranes allow the passage of:

Answer 13

Water, ions, glucose

Question 14

In the proximal convoluted tubule water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:

Answer 15

Sodium

Question 16

The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted by the:

Answer 16

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 17

Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?

Answer 17

Urea

Question 18

Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?

Answer 18

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 19

In ______, the functions of damaged kidneys are performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient’s blood and a carefully regulated fluid.

Answer 19

Dialysis

Question 20

Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?

Answer 20

Aldosterone, angiotensin II, ADH

Question 21

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by _____ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high and opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.

Answer 21

Atrial cardiac muscle cells

Question 22

Kidney stones consisting of ______ are the most common.

Answer 22

Calcium salts

Question 23

The _____ and kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.

Answer 23

Lungs

Question 24

If extracellular fluids become hypertonic, as compared to the intracellular fluid, water will move in which direction?

Answer 24

From cells into the ECF

Question 25

In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys _____ sodium ions.

Answer 25

Reabsorb

Question 26

Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?

Answer 26

CNS deterioration
Peripheral vasodilation
Weak cardiac contractions

Question 27

______ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2

Answer 27

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 28

The _______ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.

Answer 28

Protein

Question 29

_____ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.

Answer 29

Digestion