Chapter 16-18

Question 1

Which is more closely related to eukaryotes?
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
What does RNA polymerase have to do with the relationship?

Answer 1

B. Archaea

the way RNA is made leads to different proteins of Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

Extremophiles?

Answer 2

organism that thrives in extreme environments

Question 3

Explain the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria :

Answer 3

It converts the nitrogen in the air to nitrogen in the soil

Question 4

Binary Fission?

Answer 4

DNA copies move to opposing sides of the cell and the cell splits into 2

Question 5

Transformation?

Answer 5

Bacteria takes DNA from the environment

Question 6

Conjugation?

Answer 6

2 cells temporarily join and directly transfer information of genes

Question 7

Pathogens?

Answer 7

Bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease

Question 8

structure of a virus?

Answer 8

Capsid : outer protein coat
DNA genes 
Tail
Tail Fibers 
Base Plate 
(resembles a spider)

Question 9

What are all virus’s composed of?

Answer 9

Inside - DNA or RNA
Outside - protein coat
(sometimes lipids)

Question 10

Lytic Cycle?

Answer 10

virus injects genes, makes more copies, and the cell splits apart
(virus’s reproduce)

Question 11

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 11

virus is incorporated into the cells genes (virus’s reproduce)

  viral genes + host cell genes

Question 12

What do all virus’s need in order to reproduce?

Answer 12

host cells

“gonna use your cells to replicate me”

Question 13

Vaccines vs Antibiotics

Answer 13

V : small doses of disease so body becomes immune

A : used to slow/stop all reproduction

Question 14

Protists?

Answer 14

a eukaryotes that is not a plant, animal or fungus

Question 15

Protozoans vs Algae

Answer 15

P : heterotrophs

A : autotrophs

Question 16

What are the two differences between bacteria and archaea?

Answer 16

1. the makeup of their cell walls (Bacteria has peptidoglycan in cell wall)
2. the way they make RNA

Question 17

Relationship between hyphae and mycelia?

Answer 17

Hyphaes of a simple fungus branches and forms a mycelia

Question 18

Absorptive nutrition? What organisms employ it? What role do enzymes play in it?

Answer 18

Fungus absorbs small molecule.

Release enzymes so they can absorb food. Helps plants be able to take up nutrients made available by fungus.

Question 19

Fruiting body?

Answer 19

ex : mushroom

Question 20

main role of fungi in ecosystems?

Answer 20

they decompose

Question 21

lichen?

how might a lichen promote soil formation on a rock?

Answer 21

lichen - a fungus & algae together
(A + F “lichen eachother”)
can trap nutrients in the air to form soil pockets for growth.

Question 22

What role do mycorrhizae play in plants and fungi helping eachother?

Answer 22

Fungi breaks down things that plants can absorb in the roots. They both benefit from this relationship.

Question 23

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic?

Answer 23

E : nucleus

P : lacking a nucleus

Question 24

Nitrogen fixing bacteria coverts _________ to ________.

Answer 24

nitrogen gas ; nitrogen compounds

Question 25

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between ______ and ______.

Answer 25

fungal hyphae ; plant roots

Question 26

any fungus that can rapidly grow on a surface is a ______

Answer 26

mold