Chapter 16-18 Flashcards
Which is more closely related to eukaryotes?
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
What does RNA polymerase have to do with the relationship?
B. Archaea
the way RNA is made leads to different proteins of Bacteria and Archaea
Extremophiles?
organism that thrives in extreme environments
Explain the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria :
It converts the nitrogen in the air to nitrogen in the soil
Binary Fission?
DNA copies move to opposing sides of the cell and the cell splits into 2
Transformation?
Bacteria takes DNA from the environment
Conjugation?
2 cells temporarily join and directly transfer information of genes
Pathogens?
Bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease
structure of a virus?
Capsid : outer protein coat DNA genes Tail Tail Fibers Base Plate (resembles a spider)
What are all virus’s composed of?
Inside - DNA or RNA
Outside - protein coat
(sometimes lipids)
Lytic Cycle?
virus injects genes, makes more copies, and the cell splits apart
(virus’s reproduce)
Lysogenic Cycle
virus is incorporated into the cells genes (virus’s reproduce)
viral genes + host cell genes
What do all virus’s need in order to reproduce?
host cells
“gonna use your cells to replicate me”
Vaccines vs Antibiotics
V : small doses of disease so body becomes immune
A : used to slow/stop all reproduction
Protists?
a eukaryotes that is not a plant, animal or fungus
Protozoans vs Algae
P : heterotrophs
A : autotrophs
What are the two differences between bacteria and archaea?
- the makeup of their cell walls (Bacteria has peptidoglycan in cell wall)
- the way they make RNA
Relationship between hyphae and mycelia?
Hyphaes of a simple fungus branches and forms a mycelia
Absorptive nutrition? What organisms employ it? What role do enzymes play in it?
Fungus absorbs small molecule.
Release enzymes so they can absorb food. Helps plants be able to take up nutrients made available by fungus.
Fruiting body?
ex : mushroom
main role of fungi in ecosystems?
they decompose
lichen?
how might a lichen promote soil formation on a rock?
lichen - a fungus & algae together
(A + F “lichen eachother”)
can trap nutrients in the air to form soil pockets for growth.
What role do mycorrhizae play in plants and fungi helping eachother?
Fungi breaks down things that plants can absorb in the roots. They both benefit from this relationship.
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic?
E : nucleus
P : lacking a nucleus
Nitrogen fixing bacteria coverts _________ to ________.
nitrogen gas ; nitrogen compounds
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between ______ and ______.
fungal hyphae ; plant roots
any fungus that can rapidly grow on a surface is a ______
mold
