Chapter 14 - Evolution

Question 0

Adaptation?

Answer 0

an inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Question 1

Evolution?

Answer 1

all the changes that have transformed life over an immense time

Question 2

______ sailed around the world on the ______.

Answer 2

Charles Darwin ; Beagle

Question 3

Darwin’s name for the process in which descendants of the earliest organisms accumulated different adaptations as they spread into various habitats over millions of years

Answer 3

descent with modification

Question 4

Natural Selection?

Answer 4

the process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than do other individuals.

Question 5

Fossils?

Answer 5

preserved remains or markings left by organisms that lived in the past

Question 6

Fossil Record?

Answer 6

the collection of fossils recorded in rock layers over time.

Question 7

What evidence helps scientists reconstruct the past?

Answer 7

Fossils of extinct species, or species that no longer exist.

Question 8

Homologous structures?

Answer 8

similar structures among related species

provide clues about evolution

Question 9

Vestigial Structures?

Answer 9

homologous structures that have a major function in one species but not in related species

Question 10

Darwin based his theory of natural selection on ___ sets of observations:
________ and _________

Answer 10

2 ;

the struggle of survival in a population and variation

Question 11

population?

Answer 11

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 12

variation?

Answer 12

differences among members of the same species

passes from generation to generation

Question 13

Darwin believed ______ could cause isolated populations of the same species to become separate species as they adapted to their different environments.

Answer 13

natural selection

Question 14

Artificial Selection?

Answer 14

the selective breeding of plants and animals to produce offspring with traits that humans value

Question 15

Gene Pool?

Answer 15

consists of all the alleles in the individuals that make up a population.
(frequency refers to how often it occurs in the gene pool)

Question 16

Microevolution?

Answer 16

a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population (evolution on small scale)

Question 17

condition in which populations do not undergo change to their gene pools

Answer 17

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 18

Genetic Drift?

Answer 18

a change in a gene pool due to chance

Question 19

Gene Flow?

Answer 19

the exchange of genes with another population.

the change in the gene pool due to migration of fertile individuals into or out of a population

Question 20

Of all causes of microevolution, only _________ usually leads to adaptation. It occurs because of differences in ___________.

Answer 20

natural selection

biological fitness

Question 21

Fitness?

Answer 21

the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contribution of other individuals

Question 22

3 factors that can change a gene pool without leading to adaptation :

Answer 22

genetic drift,
gene flow,
natural selection

Question 23

Antibiotics?

Answer 23

drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria

Question 24

Natural Selection explains how bacteria has evolved resistance to ________.

Answer 24

antibiotics

antibiotics kill most of the bacteria, but resistant bacteria multiplies widely in population.

Question 25

Charles Darwin was inspired by ________ who believed ____________.

Answer 25

Lyell ;

Evolution was a process of adaptation and Earth was much older than first thought.