Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy/Physiology > Chapter 16-17 > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

A

Chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A ______ blood vessel with a ____ diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____ _______ to the ____ _____

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary veins (arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

From which major blood vessel do all systematic vessels branch

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart

A

Systemic circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___ ___ the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins closest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor

A

Friction between the blood walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated

A

Systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

A

Ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stimulation of the ____ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

A

Foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscle fibers _____ in size

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

A

Lungs (respiratory system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ ___ to the ____ ____ and out through the ______

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vessels with the fastest flow

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vessels with the slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vessels with very thin walls, only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Vessel with the smallest internal diameter

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vessels with a very thin muscle layer

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vessel that exhibit a pulse

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Known as exchange vessels

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attach microbes directly

A

T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ____ to pop open

A

Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatic a is prevented by ____

A

Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to ______ materials to and from all cells

A

Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which layer of an artery contains thick smooth muscle

A

Middle layer

36
Q

Venous blood returns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contractions

A

Diaphragm/breathing

37
Q

Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse

A

Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, and dorsal

38
Q

What are the two main methods of capillary exchange

A

Filtration and reabsorption

39
Q

Blood pressure is read with a ____

A

Sphygmomanometer

40
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, the to ____, then to ____

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

41
Q

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

42
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located

A

Medulla

43
Q

The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called _____ blood pressure

A

Systolic

44
Q

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

A

Lumen

45
Q

Lymph is very similar to this body fluid

A

Interstitial

46
Q

Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

A

Veins

47
Q

Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal

A

108/68

48
Q

Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir

A

Veins

49
Q

The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber

A

Left atrium

50
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

A

Placenta

51
Q

Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to

A

Size of blood vessel lumen
Blood viscosity
Total blood vessel length

52
Q

At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

A

Veins

53
Q

In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance

A

Length

54
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

A

Antigen

55
Q

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

56
Q

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses

A

Interferons

57
Q

Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

A

Carotid artery

58
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Carry out immune responses
Drain excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood
Transport lipids/lipid soluble

59
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel

A

Subclavian veins

60
Q

Slow resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

61
Q

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

A

Aneurysm

62
Q

Stretching of the walls of veins, especially around valves

A

Varicose veins

63
Q

Inflammation of vein

A

Phlebitis

64
Q

Low oxygen availability

A

Hypoxia

65
Q

Persistently high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

66
Q

Rapid resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

67
Q

High amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Hypercapnia

68
Q

List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens

A

Skin, mucous membranes, fluids, movements

69
Q

What are symptoms of inflammation

A

Swelling, pain & heat, redness

70
Q

List some substances that could act as antigens

A

Food, pollen, bacteria, virus

71
Q

When a cell is infected by a virus, what may the cell produce to help

A

Interferons

72
Q

Why are lymph nodes important

A

Filter lymph, store lymphocytes

73
Q

What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls

A

Vasoconstriction

74
Q

In general, what vessels can we see through our skin

A

Veins

75
Q

Mucous membranes would be considered to be a _____ line of defense against pathogens

A

First

76
Q

Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum

A

Thymus

77
Q

Name the major components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph, lymph vessels, red bone marrow, structures/organs containing lymphatic tissue

78
Q

Which cells produce antibodies

A

B-cells

79
Q

Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body

A

Spleen

80
Q

Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes

A

Mature b-cells

81
Q

Where are damaged and worn out red cells destroyed

A

Spleen

82
Q

Which factors increase vascular resistance

A

Blood viscosity increases

Increasing blood vessel length

83
Q

Which factors decrease vascular resistance

A

Increased blood vessel diameter

Being in arteries compared to capillaries

84
Q

Which factors would increase blood pressure

A

Increased cardiac output
Water retention
Increased vascular resistance
Increased production of epinephrine

85
Q

Which factors would decrease blood pressure

A

Decreased blood volume

86
Q

Blood pressure would increase with an _____ in heart rate, ____ in vascular resistance, _____ in blood volume, and ______ in water retention

A

Increased
Increased
Increased
Increased

Anatomy/Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions