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Biological Bases Of Behaviour > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

akathisia

A

A movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and inability to sit still

Example sentence: The patient exhibited akathisia as a side effect of the medication.

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2
Q

anxiety disorder

A

A mental health condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry or fear

Example sentence: She was diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and prescribed medication.

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3
Q

autoimmune disease

A

A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells

Example sentence: Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of an autoimmune disease.

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4
Q

behavioral modification

A

A type of therapy that aims to change specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment

Example sentence: The child’s behavior improved significantly after behavioral modification therapy.

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5
Q

bipolar disorder

A

A mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression

Example sentence: He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and started treatment with mood stabilizers.

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6
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

A

A progressive brain condition caused by repeated head injuries

Example sentence: The former football player developed chronic traumatic encephalopathy from concussions.

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7
Q

clinical neuroscience

A

The branch of neuroscience that focuses on the study of the nervous system in health and disease

Example sentence: She pursued a career in clinical neuroscience to research brain disorders.

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8
Q

cognitive therapy

A

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors

Example sentence: Cognitive therapy helped her manage her anxiety and depression.

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9
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

A type of psychotherapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to treat mental health conditions

Example sentence: CBT is often used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders.

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10
Q

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

A

A surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes in the brain to treat neurological conditions

Example sentence: Deep brain stimulation is used to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

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11
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

A handbook used by mental health professionals to classify and diagnose mental health disorders

Example sentence: The psychiatrist referred to the DSM to confirm the patient’s diagnosis.

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12
Q

diaschisis

A

A temporary disruption of brain function in areas distant from the site of injury

Example sentence: Diaschisis can occur after a stroke and affect motor function.

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13
Q

festination

A

A gait abnormality characterized by small, rapid steps

Example sentence: The patient with Parkinson’s disease exhibited festination while walking.

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14
Q

focal seizure

A

A seizure that originates in a specific area of the brain

Example sentence: The EEG showed abnormal activity during the focal seizure.

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15
Q

generalized seizure

A

A seizure that involves the entire brain and causes loss of consciousness

Example sentence: She experienced a generalized seizure with tonic-clonic movements.

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16
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

A type of stroke caused by bleeding in the brain

Example sentence: The patient was rushed to the hospital after a hemorrhagic stroke.

17
Q

HPA axis

A

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a complex neuroendocrine system involved in the stress response

Example sentence: Chronic stress can dysregulate the HPA axis.

18
Q

ischemic stroke

A

A type of stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain

Example sentence: The MRI confirmed the presence of an ischemic stroke.

19
Q

Lewy body

A

An abnormal protein deposit in the brain associated with Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia

Example sentence: Lewy bodies were found in the brain tissue of the deceased patient.

20
Q

major depression

A

A severe form of depression characterized by persistent low mood and loss of interest in activities

Example sentence: He was diagnosed with major depression and started antidepressant medication.

21
Q

mania

A

A mood state characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior

Example sentence: The patient’s mania required hospitalization for stabilization.

22
Q

neurocognitive disorder

A

A condition characterized by cognitive decline due to neurodegenerative or other brain-related causes

Example sentence: Neurocognitive disorder can affect memory, language, and executive function.

23
Q

neuroprotectant

A

A substance or treatment that aims to protect the brain from injury or damage

Example sentence: Researchers are investigating neuroprotectants for stroke and traumatic brain injury.

24
Q

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

A genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

Example sentence: Infants are screened for phenylketonuria shortly after birth.

25
Q

posttraumatic apathy

A

A lack of interest, motivation, or emotion following a traumatic event

Example sentence: Posttraumatic apathy is a common symptom after brain injury.

26
Q

posttraumatic growth

A

Positive psychological changes that can occur after experiencing trauma or adversity

Example sentence: She experienced posttraumatic growth and gained a new perspective on life.

27
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

A mental health condition triggered by a traumatic event, characterized by flashbacks, anxiety, and avoidance

Example sentence: Veterans may develop PTSD after combat exposure.

28
Q

prion

A

An infectious misfolded protein that can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Example sentence: Prions are responsible for the transmission of mad cow disease.

29
Q

psychotherapy

A

A range of treatments that aim to improve mental health through talking and other therapeutic techniques

Example sentence: She sought psychotherapy to address her anxiety and depression.

30
Q

real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI)

A

A neuroimaging technique that provides live feedback of brain activity during an MRI scan

Example sentence: Real-time fMRI is used in neurofeedback training for brain disorders.

31
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

A movement disorder characterized by involuntary repetitive movements, often caused by long-term antipsychotic medication use

Example sentence: Tardive dyskinesia can be a side effect of certain psychiatric medications.

32
Q

virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy

A

A treatment approach that uses virtual reality technology to simulate anxiety-inducing situations for therapeutic purposes

Example sentence: VR exposure therapy is effective for treating phobias and PTSD.

Biological Bases Of Behaviour (14 decks)

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