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chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what is stress

A

a term that refers to the external stimuli (threat or challenge) that links to internal emotional experiences and physical responses

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2
Q

what is good stress

A

can motivate us to do work and enhance functioning

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3
Q

what is bad stress

A

can reduce motivation and impair functioning

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4
Q

what is eustress

A

reaction to good stress

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5
Q

what is distress

A

reaction to bad stress

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6
Q

what is the yerkes dodson law

A

a proposed inverted u-shaped curve for the realtionship b/w stress and performance which says that too much or too little stress impairs functioning

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7
Q

what is maximal adaptibility

A

idea that humans and other organisms are highly adapted to stressors and can maintain high levels of performance when experiencing underload or overload in terms of the environmental demands

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8
Q

what is the stress and coping theory

A

theory of stress that emphasizes the importance of appraisals of both the demands of a stressor and the resources available to deal with the stressor

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9
Q

what is a stress response

A

an internal psychological and biological response to stressors to maintain a balanced state of mind

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10
Q

what are acute stressors

A

short term

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11
Q

what are chronic stressors

A

long term

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12
Q

what are traumatic strssors

A

threat to your own or another’s life or physical integrity

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13
Q

how does the amygdala respond to stress

A

it quickly responds to stress before we even realize it
- this is why you jump when someone scares you, even if it is your own friend

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14
Q

how does the hippocampus contribute to stress

A

it allows us to filter current experiences with past experiences which allows us to imagine things that have not happened yet
- it also can promote activity in the ANS where the symp ns is the activator and the parasymp is the regulator

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15
Q

what does the prefrontal cortex do for stress

A

basically looks at what the amygdala is doing to respond to the stressors and decides to either increase or decrease the activity in the amygdala depending on whether the stressor is a threat or not

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16
Q

how does the autonomic system respond to stress

A

regulates epinephrine and norepinephrine’s responses to stressors and releases cortisol

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17
Q

how does the HPA axis respond to stress

A

it regulates cortisol responses to stressors

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18
Q

how do the sympathetic and parasympathetic system work to respond to stress

A

they work together to thru reciprocal inhibition (where the actions of one system can suppress the other)

19
Q

what is meta-analysis

A

allows for the statistics from multiple studies to be combined in order to come up with a summary conclusion about a particular research question

20
Q

how does cortisol move throughout the day

A

increases rapidly after waking up and declines throughout the day

21
Q

what is a freeze response

A

freezing movement in the presence of stressors

22
Q

what are feedback loops

A

system in which output from one system influences the output of another system by either increases (positive feedback) or inhibiting (negative feedback) the second system

23
Q

what is an inflammatory response

A

immune system response to injury, infection and psychological stressors that allows for killing of any foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria as well as healing bodily tissues

24
Q

what are primary appraisals

A

evaluates the demands of the stressor

25
Q

what is secondary appraisal

A

evaluate your resources available to deal with the stressor

26
Q

how is a challenge different from a threat

A

challenges: situations where you have enough or more than enough resources to deal with the situation (resources exceed demands)
threat: when you don’t have enough resources to deal with the situation (demands exceed resources)

27
Q

what was the trier social stress test

A

a lab acute stressor task that typically involves delivering a speech and performing difficult mental arithmic in front of an audience

28
Q

what is the perceived stress scale

A

questionnaire which uses perceived stress that measures the extent to which people perceive their lives as unpreditable, uncontrollable, and overloading

29
Q

what does reliable mean

A

refers to the extent that a test gives consistent results overtime for one individual and b/w different individuals

30
Q

what does prevalent means

A

the extent ow hich a specific factor or disease is found in a specific population in a specific period of time

31
Q

what is the diathesis-stress model

A

theory that mental and physical disorders devo from a genetic or bio predisposition for that illness combines with stressful condition play a percipitating or facilitating role

32
Q

what is the plasticity factor

A

the extent to which people are sensitive to their environment and are likely to benefit form a + environment and suffer in a negative environment

33
Q

what is the vulnerability factor

A

the extent to which people are likely to suffer negative consequences if they are exposed to a negative environment

34
Q

what is an absolute risk

A

the probability or chance of experiencing a specific outcome

35
Q

what is social rejection

A

circumstances that involve exclusion from a relationship or interaction with other people

36
Q

what are the 4 different types of stressors

A
  • loss event: loosing people
  • humiliation events: stressors involving devaluation of self respect with others opinions usualy around rejection or failure
  • entrapment sits: markedly difficult circumstances of at least 6 months duration that persist or worsen
  • danger events: potential future loss
37
Q

what are stressors that most strongly inc risk for psychiatric disorders

A

family violence, abuse, and neglect as well as substance usem illness and criminality

38
Q

what is an episodic course

A

kind of disorder that involves periods of sickness followed by periods of wellness

39
Q

what is a latent virus

A

virus that stays dormant in bodily cells and reactivates at intervals like high stress
- ex: hiv

40
Q

what is chronic inflammation

A

inc levels of inflammatory proteins in the body which are present even at rest and over long periods of time

41
Q

independently associated

A

when the relationship b/w the two variables is present even when other variables are adjusted in a stat model

42
Q

what is the social brain hypothesis

A

theory that humans other primates evolved relatively lar and metabolically expensive brains in order to function in complex social networks in which we operate in

43
Q

what are the different types of support

A
  • emotional support: expressions of love n shi
  • instrumental support: tangible offering like taking notes for someone
  • informational support: advice and info that can be given
  • appraisal support: help evaluating the demands of a situation and the resources to deal with it
44
Q

what is the mindfulness-based stress reduction

A

one specific program involving the mediation practice of mindfulness

psya02 (6 decks)

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