Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psya02 > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what is abnormal psychology

A

psychological disorders keep people from doing the things they need and want to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 4 d’s

A
  • Deviance: describes behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are not in line with what is generally accepted
  • Distress: refers to behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that are upsetting and cause pain suffering or sorrow
  • dysfunction: behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are disruptive to one’s regular routine or interfere with day to day functioning
  • danger: may lead to harm or injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a psychological disorder

A

Pattern of deviant and dysfunctional behaviors that cause distress and maybe danger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is clinical judgement

A

mental health professionals use of previous professional experiences to inform clinical decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what factors influence our views of what is normal and abnormal

A

personal experience
our parents
societal standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are labels/diagnosis important

A

they can provide and explanation for abnormal behaviors, thoughts, and feelings
- they can also server as a language for clinicians, researchers, and insurance companies to communicate effectively about psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are problems with diagnosing

A

the creating of derogatory terms that are used when referring to psychological disorders
- can create an excuse to unacceptable behaviors that lead to lowered expectations
- are also sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is stigma

A

disapproval, poor treatment, discrimination, or isolation due to being different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are eugenics

A

argument to improve human society by encouraging repro in people with desired traits (positive eugenics) and discouraging undersierable traits (negative traits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is deinstitutionalization

A

a mvmt to reduce admissions to psychiatric hospital, shorten lengths of stay, and improve the treatment that admitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the dorothea dix

A

she advocated for more humane treatment for mental illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is person first language

A

Referring to an individual first and their disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the cultural concept of distress

A

a pattern of mental illness, distress and/or symptoms that are unique to a specific ethnic or cultural population and does not conform to standard classifications of psychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is koro

A

an episode of sudden and intense anxiety where the genitals will recede into the body and possible cause death specific to china, malaysia, and indonesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is amok syndrome

A

period of uneaseness followed by indsicrimitae murderous frenzy which can be provoked by jealousy or a sense of desperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the fifth D and what does it stand for?

A

Duration: is the interval b/w the onset of a psychiatric disorder and the administration of the first pharmacological treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what was the problem with the DSM - 1

A

concepts were not scientifically tested
- considered disorders to be reactions to the events occurring in a persons environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what was the problem with the DSM -2

A

based in psychoanalytic theory and didn’t pay attention to a lot of symptoms of some conditions and was more general
- also had homosexuality listed as “sexual orientation disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does multiaxial mean

A

it is a system of evaluation grounded in the biopsychosocial model of assessment that considers multiple factors in mental health diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what were the three axises for the DSM 3

A
  • Axis 1: major mental disorders
  • Axis 2: personality or intellectual disorders
  • Axis 3: medical conditions
    Axis 4: psychosocial stressors
  • Axis 5: global assessment of functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How was the DSM 3-R different?

A

included social anxiety disorders and sleep disorders
- categories were re-named, significant changes in criteria were made
- revised due to inconsistencies in the system, diagnostic criteria in DSM 3 was unclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the characteristics of the DSM 5

A
  • no longer multiaxial
  • more advances in biology and neuroscience + reclassification of disorders
  • 541 diagnosis
  • and no more general assessment of functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an onset?

A

when disorders usually start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is prognosis

A

what the next actions are after diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is etiology

A

the causes of a disorder

26
Q

what are comorbidities

A

other disorder that have a higher chance of appearing with the diagnosis of another disorder

27
Q

what is pathological anxiety

A

anxiety that interferes with normal functioning

28
Q

what is GAD (generalized anxiety disorder)

A

anxiety disorder in which worries are not focused on any specific threat

29
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for GAD?

A
  1. excessive anxiety and worry that occurs for more than6 months about different stressors
  2. the individual finds it difficult to control the worry
  3. having three or more symptoms from this list
    • restlessness, fatigue, concentration deficiency, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
  4. causes significant distress/affects functioning
  5. cannot be attributed to substance use or other medical conditions
30
Q

What is a phobic disorder

A

more specific type of anxiety disorder which is characterized by marked, persistent, excessive fear of specific objects, activities, or situations

31
Q

what is social phobia

A

maladaptive fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

32
Q

why are phobic disorders so common

A

the preparedness theory explains that we may be evolutionarily adapted to fear certain types of stimuli. there fears may be overdeveloped in some individuals

33
Q

where does the evidence for the preparedness theory come from?

A

conditioning. monkey’s can be conditioned to fear snakes but not flowers

34
Q

what is a panic disorder

A

sudden occurence of multiple psychologicla and physical symptoms typically associated with terror
these symptoms include
- shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, derealisation, fear of death/loosing one’s mind

35
Q

what is mood

A

emotional states that are long lasting, and non specific

36
Q

how are moods different from emotions

A

emotions are usually specific and short lived

37
Q

what are mood disorders

A

mental disorders that have mood disturbances as thier prominent feature

38
Q

what is a manic episode

A

a distinct period of hihg energy and increased activity

39
Q

what are the characteristics of major depressive disorder (aka unipolar depression)

A
  • severely depressed mood
  • inability to experience pleasure that lasts tow or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, sleep disturbance and appettie disturbance
40
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for MDD

A
  1. five or more of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period
    • depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight loss/gain, insomnia or hypersomina, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worhtlessness/guildm diminshed concetration/decisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death/suicidal ideation
  2. no evidence of a manic episode
  3. symptoms cause clinically significant distress/impairment
41
Q

what is the onset and prognosis of MDD

A

onset: can appear at any age, but is most likely to appear in the 20s
prognosis: most individuals recover within a year, some recover within 3 months and 1/5 dont recover at all

42
Q

what is the helplessness theory

A

says that a person who links failure to internal characters are more likely to be depressed and will most likely say that these failures are stable (ex: i can’t change who i am) and global (no one will ever love me again).

43
Q

what is dysthymia/dysthymic disorder

A

moderate depressive symptoms that persist for more than 2 years

44
Q

what is double depression

A

When dysthymia contains some episodes of major depression

45
Q

what is bipolar disorder

A

cycles of abnormal and persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

46
Q

what is BPD 1

A

at least one manic episode, possibly with hypomanic (period of excessive energy that interferes with functioning) and depressive episodes

47
Q

what is bipolar disorder 2

A

presence of both hypomanic and depressive episdoes, no manic episodes

48
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for bpd 1

A
  1. distinct period of abnormal, persistent elevated mood, increased activity or energy lasting at least 1 week
  2. three or more symptoms
  3. symptoms cause clinically significant distress/impairment
49
Q

what are obsessions

A

recurrent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges, or images

50
Q

what are compulsions

A

behaviors in response to obsession

51
Q

what is PTSD

A

experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event

52
Q

what is addiction

A

repeated and compulsive engagement in rewarding activities

53
Q

what are the two types of substance related addictions and what are their characteristics

A

-Substance use: negative consequences associated with frequent and persistent use of substances
-Substance induced: immediate effects of substance use like intoxication

54
Q

what are the two important factors of substance related disorders

A

physiological dependance: change in brain circuitry related to repeated ingestion of a substance
tolerance: requiring more and more of a substance to achieve its original effects

55
Q

what are neurocognitive disorders?

A

Acquired disorder that affects how the brain processes information

56
Q

what are the different clusters of personality disorders and their characteristics?

A
  • Cluster A (odd and eccentric) : social awkwardness, social withdrawal and distorted thinking
  • Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic): problems with impulse control, moral reasoning and ability to regulate emotions
    - also individuals have difficulty following social conversations
  • Cluster C (anxious and fearful): personality disorders in this cluster are typified by shy, nervous, insecure and overly cautious behaviors
57
Q

what is the biopsychosocial model

A

suggests that there is not one single factor or event that makes up a psychological disorder, but is rather an intersection of biological, social, and psychological factors

58
Q

what is the prevalence rate of psychological disorders

A

indication of how widespread a psychological disorder is within a population

59
Q

why is the prevalence rate of psychological disorders important

A

it provides data the impact of health conditions on overall public health

60
Q

what is the biological aspect for the biopsychosocial model

A

accounts for illnesses, injury, physiology and genetics

61
Q

what is the psychological aspect for the biopsychosocial model

A

Accounts for individual characteristics, personality, mood, and behavior that stem from the environment

62
Q

what is the social aspect for the biopsychosocial model

A

Accounts for influences from family, culture, socioeconomic status, and religion

psya02 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions