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Biology 1610 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotes are ______ prokaryotes

A

Dependent upon

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT of the domains used to classify living things?
A) Prokarya
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Actually these are all domains used to classify living things
E) Archaea

A

A, Prokarya

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3
Q

Evidence for the relatively close relationship of archaea to eukaryotes includes

A

The fact that both have several kinds of relatively complex RNA polumerases

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4
Q

A bacterium living in an underground septic tank thrives by absorbing organic compounds from decomposing wastes. What is it?

A

A chemoheterotroph

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5
Q

Some bacteria stain Gram-positive and other stain Gram-negative because of differences in the structure of their

A

cell wall

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6
Q

What is the mordant in the Gram stain?

A

Iodine

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7
Q

What color are Gram-negative bacteria at the completion of the Gram staining process?

A

pink

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8
Q

Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order
1) Alcohol-acetone
2) Crystal violet
3) Safranin
4) Iodine

A

2-4-1-3

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9
Q

The appearance of Gram-negative bacteria after addition of the mordant in the Gram stain

A

Purple

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10
Q

In Gram staining, if a cell retains the crystal violet after alcohol treatment, it must be:

A

A Gram positive bacterium

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11
Q

All bacterial cell walls contain

A

peptidoglycan

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cell walls function

A

to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment

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13
Q

My single-lens microscopes allowed me to make the first observations of bacteria and protozoa. Who am I?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

A slimy layer of bacteria coating a surface is also known as a ________

A

biofilm

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15
Q

What structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis

A

capsule

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16
Q

Bioremediation is the use of microbes

A

to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes

17
Q

Which of the following is a member of the domain Archaea
A) bacilli
B) methanogens
C) chlamydias
D) spirochetes
E) Gram-positive bacteria

A

B, methanogens

18
Q

______ are toxic proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria, and _______ are toxic components of outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens

A

Exotoxins; endotoxins

19
Q

Broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of most intestinal bacteria consequently, assuming that nothing is done to counteract the reduction in intestinal bacteria, a hospital patient who is receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics is most likely to become ______

A

Deficient in certain vitamins and nutrients

20
Q

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share?

A

lack of a nuclear membrane and presence of plasma membrane

21
Q

In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium performs conjugation and donates a copy of this plasmid to another cell (the recipient), what will the outcome be?

A

The recipient cell will have increased resistance to tetracycline

22
Q

Compost piles create an intense heat source and would therefore be suitable environments for _________

A

extreme thermophiles

23
Q

Unikonta is a supergroup that includes all of the following except _____
A) Slime molds
B) entamoebas
C) fungi
D) animals
E) plants

A

E, plants

24
Q

There is a good chance you will eat carrageenan today and that you will eat nori at some point in your life, if you haven’t already. In either case, you will be eating a product of

A

red algea

25
Q

You are given two test tubes, each containing an unknown protist. Read the following descriptions and then match the protist to the correct test tube. A microscopic analysis of the organism in test tube 1 indicates the presence of lobe-shaped pseudopodia. A chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica.
Test tube 1 contains

A

Entamoebas

26
Q

You are given two test tubes, each containing an unknown protist. A microscopic analysis of the organism in test tube 1 indicates the presence of lobe-shaped pseudopodia. A chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica.
Test tube 2 contains:

A

diatoms

27
Q

Plasmodium, the organism that causes malaria, is a/an

A

alveolate

28
Q

Kelp, a seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m, is a kind of:

A

brown alga

29
Q

Which of the following is a parasitic excavate that causes African sleeping sickness, a disease spread by the tsetse fly?
A) Plasmodium
B) Amoeba
C) Trypanosoma
D) Paramecium

A

C, Trypanosoma

30
Q

Alginates are used in many everyday products, including toothpaste and soap. When added to water, they form a thick gel that binds or emulsifies liquids. Alginates come from a group of multicellular stramenopiles that have one pigment that masks all others and therefore gives these organisms a distinctive, dark color.
Alginates are derived from:

A

Brown algea

31
Q

Multicellular organisms evolved from three different ancestral lineages: alveolates, unikonts, and archaeplastids. Of these, fungi and animals evolved from two different lineages of _______, and land plants are _____.

A

Uniknots; archaeplastids

32
Q

I am a brightly colored organism that can grow in rotting logs and leaf mulch, but don’t be confused by my appearance. I can take up a lot of space, but I am NOT multicellular- I’m actually a single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei because I perform mitosis without cytokinesis. Who am I?

A

Plasmodial slime mold

33
Q

Humans are

A

uniknots

34
Q

The largest group of prokaryotes is the ______, which obtain both energy and carbon from ______.

A

Chemoheterotrophs; organic molecules

35
Q

Intestinal gas is evidence of active ______ in one’s digestive tract

A

Methoanogens

36
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

A

bacilli

37
Q

Cyanobacteria are

A

photoautotrophs

Biology 1610 (15 decks)

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