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Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 15_Emotion > Flashcards

Chapter 15_Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Emotion

A

A complex psychological state involving physiological arousal, feelings, and behavioral responses.

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2
Q

Affective neuroscience

A

The study of the neural mechanisms underlying emotion.

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3
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Theory suggesting emotions result from physiological responses to stimuli.

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4
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Theory proposing that emotion and physiological responses occur simultaneously.

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5
Q

Decorticated cats

A

Animals with the cerebral cortex removed, used to study basic emotional responses like rage.

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6
Q

Sham rage

A

Intense, undirected aggression observed in decorticated animals.

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7
Q

Papez circuit

A

A neural circuit thought to control emotional expression, including structures like the hypothalamus and hippocampus.

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8
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

A set of symptoms like hypersexuality and reduced fear, often seen after temporal lobe damage.

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9
Q

Singer-Schachter two-factor theory

A

Theory suggesting emotions arise from physiological arousal combined with cognitive labeling.

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10
Q

Paul Ekman

A

Psychologist known for research on facial expressions and universal emotions.

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11
Q

Theory of universal facial expressions

A

Theory that certain facial expressions are universally recognized across cultures.

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12
Q

Ekman 60 faces (EK-60F) test

A

A test assessing emotion recognition through facial expressions.

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13
Q

Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

A

System for categorizing facial muscle movements associated with emotions.

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14
Q

Duchenne smile

A

A genuine smile involving eye muscles as well as mouth muscles.

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15
Q

Non-Duchenne smile

A

A smile using only mouth muscles, often perceived as less genuine.

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

A brain structure involved in processing emotions like fear and aggression.

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17
Q

Fear conditioning paradigm

A

A method to study fear by pairing a neutral stimulus with an aversive one.

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18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Brain region controlling homeostasis, emotional responses, and hormone release.

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19
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The ‘master gland’ regulating other glands and releasing various hormones.

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20
Q

Neurohormones

A

Hormones released by neurons that affect brain and body functions.

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21
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin.

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22
Q

Hypophyseal portal system

A

Blood vessel system connecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

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23
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

Hormone associated with social bonding and maternal behaviors.

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24
Q

Vasopressin

A

Hormone involved in water retention and social bonding.

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25
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Releases hormones influencing growth, reproduction, and stress responses.

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26
Q

Trophic hormones

A

Hormones that stimulate growth or activity in target glands.

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27
Q

Growth hormone

A

Hormone promoting growth, cell repair, and muscle development.

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28
Q

Anabolism

A

The process of building up molecules, such as muscle tissue.

29
Q

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

Hormone from the hypothalamus stimulating growth hormone release.

30
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone stimulating cortisol release from adrenal glands.

31
Q

Adrenal cortices

A

Outer portion of adrenal glands, involved in stress responses.

32
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone affecting metabolism and immune responses.

33
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Hormone from the hypothalamus initiating the stress response.

34
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)

A

System involved in stress regulation.

35
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Hormones like LH and FSH that regulate reproductive functions.

36
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Hormone involved in reproductive processes.

37
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Regulates development of reproductive cells.

38
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

Controls release of LH and FSH.

39
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis)

A

System regulating reproductive hormones.

40
Q

Insula

A

Brain region involved in processing bodily sensations and emotions like disgust.

41
Q

Interoception

A

Awareness of internal bodily states.

42
Q

Fear response

A

Physiological and behavioral reactions to perceived danger.

43
Q

Anger response

A

Emotional and physiological reaction to perceived threat.

44
Q

Urbach-Wiethe disease

A

A rare disorder causing calcification of the amygdala, impairing fear processing.

45
Q

Patient SM

A

A notable case study of a person who does not experience the fear response.

46
Q

Plasmatoxmosis

A

Condition caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection, linked to behavioral changes.

47
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

A

Disorder marked by intense emotional reactivity and unstable relationships.

48
Q

Stress

A

A response to perceived threats, involving physical and emotional reactions.

49
Q

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs)

A

Receptors that bind stress hormones like cortisol, affecting stress response.

50
Q

Eustress

A

Positive stress that motivates or enhances performance.

51
Q

Distress

A

Negative stress that can impact health.

52
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

Body’s response to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

53
Q

Corticosterone

A

A stress hormone in certain animals, similar to cortisol.

54
Q

Kairomones

A

Chemical signals from one species affecting the behavior of another, often causing stress.

55
Q

Love

A

A complex emotion involving attachment, care, and bonding.

56
Q

Romantic love

A

Attachment and attraction directed towards a romantic partner.

57
Q

Social monogamy

A

The formation of pair bonds and shared parenting between partners.

58
Q

Lust

A

Intense sexual desire often associated with physical attraction.

59
Q

Medial preoptic area (mPOA)

A

Brain region associated with sexual and parental behaviors.

60
Q

Attraction

A

Emotional response involving interest and desire for a particular person or thing.

61
Q

Attachment

A

Bond or connection to others, involving feelings of security and trust.

62
Q

Partner preference paradigm

A

Method to study bonding in animals.

63
Q

Parental love

A

Attachment and nurturing behaviors directed toward offspring.

64
Q

K-selected species

A

Species that produce fewer offspring but invest more in parental care.

65
Q

Familial love

A

Affection and attachment towards family members.

66
Q

Milk letdown reflex

A

Oxytocin-driven reflex releasing milk in response to suckling.

67
Q

Disgust

A

An emotional response to objects or actions perceived as offensive or harmful.

68
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Disorder with persistent intrusive thoughts or ritualistic actions.

Behavioral Neuroscience (16 decks)

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