Chapter 15_Emotion Flashcards
Emotion
A complex psychological state involving physiological arousal, feelings, and behavioral responses.
Affective neuroscience
The study of the neural mechanisms underlying emotion.
James-Lange theory
Theory suggesting emotions result from physiological responses to stimuli.
Cannon-Bard theory
Theory proposing that emotion and physiological responses occur simultaneously.
Decorticated cats
Animals with the cerebral cortex removed, used to study basic emotional responses like rage.
Sham rage
Intense, undirected aggression observed in decorticated animals.
Papez circuit
A neural circuit thought to control emotional expression, including structures like the hypothalamus and hippocampus.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
A set of symptoms like hypersexuality and reduced fear, often seen after temporal lobe damage.
Singer-Schachter two-factor theory
Theory suggesting emotions arise from physiological arousal combined with cognitive labeling.
Paul Ekman
Psychologist known for research on facial expressions and universal emotions.
Theory of universal facial expressions
Theory that certain facial expressions are universally recognized across cultures.
Ekman 60 faces (EK-60F) test
A test assessing emotion recognition through facial expressions.
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
System for categorizing facial muscle movements associated with emotions.
Duchenne smile
A genuine smile involving eye muscles as well as mouth muscles.
Non-Duchenne smile
A smile using only mouth muscles, often perceived as less genuine.
Amygdala
A brain structure involved in processing emotions like fear and aggression.
Fear conditioning paradigm
A method to study fear by pairing a neutral stimulus with an aversive one.
Hypothalamus
Brain region controlling homeostasis, emotional responses, and hormone release.
Pituitary gland
The ‘master gland’ regulating other glands and releasing various hormones.
Neurohormones
Hormones released by neurons that affect brain and body functions.
Posterior pituitary gland
Releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin.
Hypophyseal portal system
Blood vessel system connecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Oxytocin (OT)
Hormone associated with social bonding and maternal behaviors.
Vasopressin
Hormone involved in water retention and social bonding.
Anterior pituitary
Releases hormones influencing growth, reproduction, and stress responses.
Trophic hormones
Hormones that stimulate growth or activity in target glands.
Growth hormone
Hormone promoting growth, cell repair, and muscle development.
Anabolism
The process of building up molecules, such as muscle tissue.
Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Hormone from the hypothalamus stimulating growth hormone release.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Hormone stimulating cortisol release from adrenal glands.
Adrenal cortices
Outer portion of adrenal glands, involved in stress responses.
Cortisol
Stress hormone affecting metabolism and immune responses.
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Hormone from the hypothalamus initiating the stress response.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)
System involved in stress regulation.
Gonadotropins
Hormones like LH and FSH that regulate reproductive functions.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone involved in reproductive processes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Regulates development of reproductive cells.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Controls release of LH and FSH.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis)
System regulating reproductive hormones.
Insula
Brain region involved in processing bodily sensations and emotions like disgust.
Interoception
Awareness of internal bodily states.
Fear response
Physiological and behavioral reactions to perceived danger.
Anger response
Emotional and physiological reaction to perceived threat.
Urbach-Wiethe disease
A rare disorder causing calcification of the amygdala, impairing fear processing.
Patient SM
A notable case study of a person who does not experience the fear response.
Plasmatoxmosis
Condition caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection, linked to behavioral changes.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
Disorder marked by intense emotional reactivity and unstable relationships.
Stress
A response to perceived threats, involving physical and emotional reactions.
Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs)
Receptors that bind stress hormones like cortisol, affecting stress response.
Eustress
Positive stress that motivates or enhances performance.
Distress
Negative stress that can impact health.
General adaptation syndrome
Body’s response to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Corticosterone
A stress hormone in certain animals, similar to cortisol.
Kairomones
Chemical signals from one species affecting the behavior of another, often causing stress.
Love
A complex emotion involving attachment, care, and bonding.
Romantic love
Attachment and attraction directed towards a romantic partner.
Social monogamy
The formation of pair bonds and shared parenting between partners.
Lust
Intense sexual desire often associated with physical attraction.
Medial preoptic area (mPOA)
Brain region associated with sexual and parental behaviors.
Attraction
Emotional response involving interest and desire for a particular person or thing.
Attachment
Bond or connection to others, involving feelings of security and trust.
Partner preference paradigm
Method to study bonding in animals.
Parental love
Attachment and nurturing behaviors directed toward offspring.
K-selected species
Species that produce fewer offspring but invest more in parental care.
Familial love
Affection and attachment towards family members.
Milk letdown reflex
Oxytocin-driven reflex releasing milk in response to suckling.
Disgust
An emotional response to objects or actions perceived as offensive or harmful.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Disorder with persistent intrusive thoughts or ritualistic actions.
