Chapter 15 - Weight Management Flashcards
What is weight bias and what are the consequences?
a negative attitude, belief, judgement, stereotype, or discriminatory act aimed at someone because of their weight
What are the consequences of weight bias?
people avoid seeking treatment, eating disorders, avoiding exercise (especially in public)
Is weight the only indicator of physical health? Why or why not?
NO! blood pressure, blood glucose, strength, endurance, sleep, body composition and a whole lot more affect health
What is the MINIMAL amount of body fat required for survival?
men = 3%
women = 12%
What are the body fat ranges for men and women associated with lowest risk of chronic disease?
men = 21-26%
women = 34-38%
* can vary
What does body mass index (BMI) tell us? What are it’s limitations?
BMI measures weight relative to height; it doesn’t differentiate between fat and lean body mass
Why do we recommend using a waist circumference with a BMI to assess health relative to weight?
measures the fat tissue in abdomen, can help us connect limitations that BMI has
What is the gold standard method of measuring body composition and is used to validate all other methods?
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) a highly accurate, radiation using machine that differentiates between lean and fat body mass
Obesity has been associated with increased risk of what chronic diseases?
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and certain cancers
What does leptin do?
it creates the “full” feeling
What does ghrelin do?
creates the “hungry” feeling
What is leptin resistance and why does it happen?
if there is an increased number of fat cells, leptin levels will increase in the blood; if this is chronic the receptors become tolerant and the “full” feeling will not signal
What is the biggest factor influencing a person’s chance of developing obesity?
genetics!
What are criticisms of fad diets, why are they not sustainable for most people?
these diets promote themselves as easy but often fail, they can lead ot chronic dieting syndrome and significantly decrease BEE
What is chronic dieting syndrome?
a cyclic pattern of weight loss followed by rapid weight gain after ending a non-substantive or overly restrictive diet
How does gastric banding lead to weight loss?
it is restrictive and reversible, reducing appetite by making the stomach smaller (tying it off)
How does Roux-en-Y lead to weight loss?
is is restrictive and malabsorptive, it rearranges the small intestine and is irreverible
What are potential side effects of Roux-en-Y?
early and late dumping syndrome
How can we prevent/treat the Roux-en-Y side effects?
taking vitamin and mineral supplements for life, decreasing simple CHO intake, eating smaller portions, avoiding fluid filled foods, and eating more protein and fiber
What are the five characteristics to successful dietary modification for weight loss?
1) set realtistic goals
2) negative energy balance
3) energy adjustment to maintain weight
4) modify energy output
5)**
What is considered a safe amount of weight loss per week?
weight loss no greater than 1-2 lbs a week
Why is a starting point for reducing calories often 500 calories less per day than baseline intake?
because 500 x 7 = 3,500 (the number of calories in one pound); the goal is to lose one pound a week
What is another tool besides tracking calories that can be utilized to help patients with calorie balance and weight loss?
physical activity they can enjoy doing
What is anorexia nervosa? What are it’s key features?
it is a psychologic disorder leading to self-imposed starvation; features include low body weight, social withdrawl, low self-esteem, restriction of calories, fear of weight gain, body dysmorphia, and perfection
What are the goals
