Chapter 1 - Food Nutrition and Health

Question 1

What is an essential nutrient?

Answer 1

essential nutrients must be acquired from the diet; they cannot be synthesized/in sufficient amount in the body

Question 2

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 2

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water

Question 3

What is a nonessential nutrient?

Answer 3

nutrients that we can synthesize in sufficient quantity in our body

Question 4

What are the three energy yielding nutrients?

Answer 4

fat, carbohydrates, and protein

Question 5

Why is alcohol not considered an energy-yielding nutrient?

Answer 5

because it does not have an essential function in the body

Question 6

What percent of total daily calories is recommended to come from carbohydrates?

Answer 6

35-45%

Question 7

What percent of total daily calories is recommended to come from fats?

Answer 7

20-35%

Question 8

What percent of total daily calories is recommended to come from proteins?

Answer 8

10-35%

Question 9

What is the fuel factor for carbohydrates?

Answer 9

4 kcal/gram

Question 10

What is the fuel factor for proteins?

Answer 10

4 kcal/gram

Question 11

What is the fuel factor for fats?

Answer 11

9 kcal/gram

Question 12

What two things are required for optimal nutrition?

Answer 12

a variety and balance of different foods

Question 13

What does a balanced diet actually mean?

Answer 13

you should have a varied plate including some carbs, fats, protein and fiber!

Question 14

What is the purpose of MyPlate?

Answer 14

it is supposed to represent a balanced diet

Question 15

How much of a plate is recommended to be fruit?

Answer 15

half a plate

Question 16

How much of a plate is recommended to be vegetables?

Answer 16

half a plate

Question 17

How much of a plate is recommended to be grain?

Answer 17

a quarter of a plate

Question 18

How much of a plate is recommended to be protein?

Answer 18

a quarter of a plate

Question 19

What two things make up malnutrition?

Answer 19

overnutrition and undernutrition

Question 20

What is overnutrition?

Answer 20

overnutrition is eating too many supplements; this can be harmful

Question 21

What is undernutrition?

Answer 21

undernutrition is not getting enough nutrients; having depleted reserves

Question 22

What is the purpose of the dietary reference intake (DRI) subcategories?

Answer 22

DRIs are meant to help people meet nutritional needs and reduce risk for disease; the subcategories address different aspects of health and nutrition (EAR, RDA, AI, and UL)

Question 23

What is the purpose of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

Answer 23

to meet 50% of the populations need

Question 24

What is the purpose of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Answer 24

to meet the nutrition needs of 97.5% of a defined, healthy population

Question 25

When do we use the Adequate Intake (AI)?

Answer 25

used when there isn't enough evidence to confidently recommend a RDA for a nutrient

Question 26

What is the purpose if the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

Answer 26

to provide the maximum amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to result in negative health risks in most healthy individuals

Question 27

What DRI is the gold standard? Why?

Answer 27

The RDA is the gold standard as it meets the nutrient needs of 97.5% of a defined, healthy population

Question 28

What is the purpose of Healthy People 2030?

Answer 28

to create a society in which all people can achieve full potential for health and well-being

Question 29

What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Answer 29

to address chronic health problems in aging US population and changing the food environment