Chapter 15- The Cold War Begins

Question 0

Liberated

Answer 0

released from social constraints: freed from traditional socially imposed constraints, such as those arising from sexual or ageist stereotyping

Question 1

Yalta

Answer 1

A city of southeast Ukraine in the southern Crimea on the Black Sea. A popular resort, it was the site of an Allied conference. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin attended in February 1945.

Question 2

Equipment

Answer 2

necessary items like tools, clothing, or other items needed for a purpose

Question 3

Cold War

Answer 3

state of enmity without hostilities: a relationship between two people or groups that is unfriendly or hostile but does not involve actual fighting or military combat

Question 4

Potsdam

Answer 4

A city of northeast Germany on the Havel River near Berlin. The city was the site of the Potsdam Conference at which American, British, and Soviet leaders drew up preliminary plans for the postwar administration of Germany and assigned various captured territories to Poland.

Question 5

Satellite nations

Answer 5

The satellite nations are the regions between Germany and russia that were formed with the assistance of the UN after the end of WWII. Stalin and the communist Soviet Union took these

Question 6

Iron curtain

Answer 6

an impenetrable barrier to understanding, awareness, or agreement

Question 7

George Kennan

Answer 7

United States diplomat who recommended a policy of containment in dealing with Soviet aggression

Question 8

Long telegram

Answer 8

sent by George Kennan from the United States Embassy in Moscow to Washington, where it was received on February 22nd 1946. The telegram was prompted by US enquiries about Soviet behaviour, especially with regards to their refusal to join the newly created World Bank and International Monetary Fund. In his text, Kennan outlined Soviet belief and practice and proposed the policy of ‘containment’, making the Telegram a key document in the history of the Cold War. The name ‘long’ derives from the telegram’s 8000 word length.

Question 9

Containment

Answer 9

The action of keeping so,etching under control

Question 10

Insecurity

Answer 10

Uncertainty or anxiety about oneself.

Question 11

Marshall plan

Answer 11

U.S. postwar aid program: a program of loans and other economic assistance provided by the U.S. government between 1947 and 1952 to help western European nations rebuild after World War II

Question 12

NATO

Answer 12

international military alliance: an international organization established in 1949 to promote mutual defense and collective security that was the primary Western alliance during the Cold War.

Question 13

Limited war

Answer 13

war not aiming for total defeat: a war in which it is not the objective of the participants to defeat or destroy the enemy totally, especially a war in which nuclear weapons are available but are not used

Question 14

SEATO

Answer 14

The Southeast Asia treaty organization. Signed defense with Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippians, and Australia.

Question 15

Red scare

Answer 15

a period of general fear of communists and a sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events, such as the stock market

Question 16

Subversion

Answer 16

To undermine the authority of a higher power

Question 17

Loyalty review program

Answer 17

Loyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward, and therefore encourage, loyal buying behavior, which is potentially beneficial to the firm

Question 18

Manipulate

Answer 18

Means to handle or to control

Question 19

Alger hiss

Answer 19

A diplomat who had served in Roosevelt’s administration, attended the yalta conference, and taken part in organizing the UN.

Question 20

Perjury

Answer 20

Lying under oath

Question 21

McCarran act

Answer 21

part of a legislative package that was designated as the Internal Security Act of 1950. Congress passed such statutes in response to the post-World War II Cold War during which many public officials perceived a threat of violent and forcible over-throw of the U.S. government by U.S. Communist groups that advocated this objective. Among other things, the legislation required members of the Communist party to register with the attorney general, and the named organizations had to provide certain information, such as lists of their members. It established the Subversive Activities Control Board to determine which individuals and organizations had to comply with the law and the procedures to be followed. Failure to satisfy the statutory requirements subjected the individual or organization to criminal prosecution and stiff fines.

Question 22

McCarthyism

Answer 22

The practice of publicly accusing somebody, especially somebody in government or the media, of subversive or Communist activities or sympathies, especially without real evidence to substantiate the
unfair accusation or investigation of people

Question 23

Censure

Answer 23

To express severe disapproval

Question 24

Fallout

Answer 24

incidental consequences: consequences, especially undesirable ones, that result incidentally from a situation or event

Question 25

Massive retaliation

Answer 25

a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Question 26

Brinkmanship

Answer 26

The willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down.

Question 27

Covert

Answer 27

Hidden or secret

Question 28

CIA-Central Intelligence Agency

Answer 28

U.S. intelligence organization: a federal bureau responsible for gathering foreign intelligence and conducting counterintelligence activities

Question 29

Developing nations

Answer 29

a nation with a low living standard, underdeveloped industrial base, and low Human Development Index compared to other countries.

Question 30

Sputnik

Answer 30

A Soviet satellite that was one of a series of ten artificial Earth-orbiting satellites launched by the former Soviet Union starting in 1957

Question 31

Response

Answer 31

A verbal or written answer

Question 32

Military- industrial complex

Answer 32

an informal alliance of the military and related government departments with defense industries that is held to influence government policy

Question 33

Imply

Answer 33

To suggest