Chapter 13- A World In Flames

Question 1

Benito Mussolini

Answer 1

Italian fascist dictator

Question 2

Fascism

Answer 2

An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

Question 3

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 3

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR

Question 4

Joseph Stalin

Answer 4

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

Question 5

Collectives

Answer 5

A cooperative enterprise

Question 6

Adolf Hitler

Answer 6

Adolf Hitler ruled Germany as a dictator from 1933 to 1945. Hitler’s National Socialist (Nazi) German Workers’ party was based on the idea of German racial supremacy and a virulent anti-Semitism. Hitler’s regime murdered more than 6 million Jews and others in concentration camps and started World War II.

Question 7

Manchuria

Answer 7

A mountainous region that forms the northeastern portion of China.

Question 8

Neutrality Act of 1935

Answer 8

Reflected the belief that arms sales had helped bring the US into WWI. Made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.

Question 9

Axis powers

Answer 9

a group of countries that opposed the Allied powers in World War II, including Germany, Italy,Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The Axis powers were led by Nazi Germany from the common pivot on which such an association revolves

Question 10

Internationalism

Answer 10

The advocacy of cooperation and understanding between nations.

Question 11

Violation

Answer 11

The action of violating someone or something.

Question 12

Regime

Answer 12

A government, esp. an authoritarian one.

A system or planned way of doing things, esp. one imposed from above.

Question 13

Anschluss

Answer 13

Unification

Question 14

Munich conference

Answer 14

Settlement reached by Germany, France, Britain, and Italy permitting German annexation of Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland. Adolf Hitler’s threats to occupy the German-populated part of Czechoslovakia stemmed from his avowed broader goal of reuniting Europe’s German-populated areas. Though Czechoslovakia had defense treaties with France and the Soviet Union, both countries agreed that areas in the Sudetenland with majority German populations should be returned. Hitler demanded that all Czechoslovaks in those areas depart; when Czechoslovakia refused, Britain’s Neville Chamberlain negotiated an agreement permitting Germany to occupy the areas but promising that all future differences would be resolved through consultation. The agreement, which became synonymous with appeasement, was abrogated when Hitler annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia the next year.

Question 15

Appeasement

Answer 15

the act of appeasing (as by acceding to the demands of).

Question 16

Blitzkrieg

Answer 16

An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.

Question 17

Maginot line

Answer 17

A line of defensive fortifications constructed by the French along their eastern border during the 1930s, but outflanked by German

Question 18

Winston Churchill

Answer 18

British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953

Question 19

Battle of Britain

Answer 19

the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it.

Question 20

Shoah

Answer 20

The mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II.

Question 21

Nuremberg laws

Answer 21

were antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced at the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. After the takeover of power in 1933 by Hitler, Nazism became an official ideology incorporating antisemitism as a form of scientific racism. There was a rapid growth in German legislation directed at Jews and other groups, such as the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service which banned “non-Aryans” and political opponents of the Nazis, from the civil-service. The lack of a clear legal method of defining who was Jewish had, however, allowed some Jews to escape some forms of discrimination aimed at them. The enactment of laws identifying who was Jewish made it easier for the Nazis to enforce legislation restricting the basic rights of German Jews.

Question 22

Gestapo

Answer 22

The German secret police under Nazi rule. It ruthlessly suppressed opposition to the Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe and sent Jews

Question 23

Assume

Answer 23

To suppose something to be true without having any real proof

Question 24

Wannsee conference

Answer 24

The Wannsee Conference was a meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January

Question 25

Concentration camps

Answer 25

A place where large numbers of political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities are imprisoned, esp. in Nazi Germany and occupied

Question 26

Extermination camps

Answer 26

Extermination camps, also called death camps, were concentration camps built by Nazi Germany during the Second World War (1939–45)

Question 27

Virtually

Answer 27

Means nearly or almost

Question 28

Purchases

Answer 28

To squire something by purchasing it

Question 29

America first committee

Answer 29

The America First Committee was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II. With up to 800,000 paid members in 650 chapters, it was one of the largest anti-war organizations in American history.[1][2] Started in 1940, it shut down after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.

Question 30

Lend-lease act

Answer 30

Allowed the US to lend or lease firearms to any country considered to be vital to the defense of the US

Question 31

Hemispheric defense zone

Answer 31

Roosevelt declared that the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. He then ordered the U.S Navy to patrol the western Atlantic and reveled the location of the German submarines to the British.

Question 32

Atlantic charter

Answer 32

The Atlantic Charter was a published statement agreed between Britain and the United States of America. It was intended as the blueprint

Question 33

Strategic materials

Answer 33

Materials important for fighting a war

Question 34

Underestimated

Answer 34

To estimate something smaller or less important than it really is

Question 35

Revise

Answer 35

To reconsider or alter something