Chapter 15 Test Definitions

Question 1

Surface Tension

Answer 1

The Inward force or pull that minimizes the surface area of a liquid (water has high surface tension) Example: When the water fills above a glass of water, or the circular drops of water on leaves

Question 2

Surfactant

Answer 2

Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thus reduces surface tension (Ex: soaps and detergents)

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

Dissolved particles (Solvent Dissolves the Solute, and the Solute becomes dispersed in the Solvent, Substances that dissolve most readily in water include ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds)

Question 4

Solvent

Answer 4

Dissolving medium (Solvent Dissolves the Solute, and the Solute becomes dispersed in the Solvent, Substances that dissolve most readily in water include ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds)

Question 5

Solvation

Answer 5

When dissolved cations and anions become surrounded by solvent molecules

Question 6

Electrolyte

Answer 6

Compound that conducts electricity in aqueous or molten state, all ionic compounds are electrolytes (anything that starts with Carbon does not break up + Diatomic elements)

Question 7

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 7

Does not conduct electricity in aqueous or molten state, Many Molecular compounds are non-electrolytes Example: Anything that starts with C

Question 8

Strong Electrolyte

Answer 8

All of the solute breaks up into ions, Most soluble salts, inorganic acid and bases are strong electrolytes Example: NaCl

Question 9

Weak Electrolyte

Answer 9

Conducts electricity poorly because only a small portion of the solute breaks up, Organic Acids and Bases are weak Electrolytes

Question 10

Water of Hydration

Answer 10

Water contained in a crystal (water of crystallization), compounds that contains water of hydration are called hydrates

Question 11

Anhydrous

Answer 11

Does not contain water

Question 12

Effloresce

Answer 12

The process of a hydrate losing its water of hydration because the hydrate has a vapor pressure that is higher than VP of water vapor in the air, hydrates effloresce into an anhydrous compound Example: Washing Soda

Question 13

Hygroscopic

Answer 13

A compound that removes water from the air

Question 14

Desiccant

Answer 14

A substance used to absorb moisture from the air and create a dry atmosphere Example: Calcium Chloride

Question 15

Deliquescent

Answer 15

`Remove sufficient water from the air to dissolve completely and form solutions (super-desiccants) Example: Sodium Hydroxide

Question 16

Suspension

Answer 16

A mixture from which particles settle out upon standing particles larger than in solution and dont pass through filter, dont say suspended indefinitely

Question 17

Colloid

Answer 17

Heterogeneous mixture containing particles that range in size from 1nm to 1000nm, glues, paints, aerosols, and smoke, particles disperse throughout the medium, HAVE PARTICLES SMALLER THAN SUSPENSION BUT LARGER THAN SOLUTION

Question 18

Tyndall Effect

Answer 18

The Scattering of visible light by colloidal particles

Question 19

Brownian Motion

Answer 19

The chaotic movement of particles in colloids that cause flashes of light because the particles reflect light while they move, the colloidal particles collide with the particles of the medium to stay in chaotic motion

Question 20

Emulsion

Answer 20

The colloidal dispersion of a liquid, think mayonnaise

Question 21

Miscible

Answer 21

When two liquids dissolve each other

Question 22

Immiscible

Answer 22

Liquids that are insoluble in each other

Question 23

Likes dissolve likes

Answer 23

Polar dissolves polar, non polar dissolves non polar