Chapter 15: sexual coercion

Question 1

Suspicious schema’s

Answer 1

Men often think that women don’t communicatie honestly, especially when the woman rejects the man.

Question 2

Marital rape / intimate partner rape

Answer 2

50% of the rape victims is raped by their partner. Motives can be the need for power, domination, feelings of anger, sadism or wanting sex when the partner doesn’t want to.

Question 3

Victim precipitated rape view

Answer 3

Thinking that we rape occurred because the woman was ‘asking for it’.

Question 4

Psychopathology of the rapist view

Answer 4

The rape occurred because of psychological disturbance of the rapist.

Question 5

Feminist / gender inequality view

Answer 5

Rape is a product of gender role socialisation, eroticisation of violence and a mens will to demonstrate their power over women.

Question 6

Social disorganisation view

Answer 6

Rape occurs when the social organisation is disrupted, this is when crime rates go up (including rape).

Question 7

Characteristics of rapists

Answer 7

• They hold implicit theories that support rape.
• Poor inhibition of aggressive behaviour.
• Lack of empahty.
• May have had environmental triggers.
• Might have been a victim of sexual abuse themselves.

Question 8

Child sexual abuse

Answer 8

22% of women and 8% of men experience the sexual abuse before the age of 18. Many of them even happen before the age of 12. The majority of cases only involve touching of the genitals.

Question 9

Impact on the victim

Answer 9

The impact on the victim is worse when the abuse included actual intercouse, was done by a relative, occurred over several years and was followed by negative reactions.

Question 10

Pedophiles

Answer 10

Often repeat their offences and their preferences (boy, girls) tend to stay stable. They often lack the skills to function well in adult heterosexual relationships. In some cases head trauma can be the cause.

Question 11

Measurement of pedophilia

Answer 11

• Reaction time: pedophiles have a cognitive connection between children and sex.
• Phallometric measure: measuring arousal when looking at pictures of children.

Question 12

Treatments for pedophilia

Answer 12

• Surgical castration
• Chemical castration (androgen drugs)
• SSRI’s
• Behaviour therapy (pictures of children together with a negative stimuli)
• Cognitive behaviour therapy: targets behaviour, attitudes and believes.

(Neither are very successful at the moment, some believe that it can not be treated)

Question 13

Quid pro quo harassment

Answer 13

I do something for you and you do something for me.

Question 14

Sexual harassment at work

Answer 14

1/4 to 1/2 of women have been sexually harassed at work. Men are more likely to feel like their behaviour is mutual enjoyable. Many repeat their offences and have ambivalent motives: they want intimacy but also dominance.

Question 15

Earnest harassment

Answer 15

A man is truly motivated by a desire for sexual intimacy but won’t take no for an answer.

Question 16

Hostile harassment

Answer 16

Motivation of domination over the women because she is a threat in the workplace.

Question 17

Paternalistic-ambivalent harassment

Answer 17

A man want sexual intimacy, but also has paternalistic desire to be like a father figure to the woman. This makes him thinks that he is treating her kindly and friendly.

Question 18

Competitive ambivalent harassment

Answer 18

Mixes real sexual attraction with a stereotype of women as sexy. The man has the desire to dominate the woman, which is bases on the belief that she is non-traditional and competitive with him (more often happens to feminists).