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PSYCH 100 > Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

group, or cluster of related symptoms that are characteristic of a disorder

A

syndrome

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2
Q

4D’s of syndrome

A
  • Disturbance of thought, emotion of behavior
  • Dysfunction of biological or developmental processes
  • Distress or disability in everyday life
  • Deviant thought, emotion, or behavior
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3
Q

occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time

A

comorbidity

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4
Q

example of comorbidity

A

depression and anxiety tend to be comorbid –> usually anxiety leads to depression

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5
Q

disorders of thought and perception, characterized by inability to distinguish between real and imagine perceptions

A

psychotic disorder

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6
Q

significant disturbances in thought, emotion, and perception

A

schizophrenia

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7
Q

symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms

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8
Q

when the affected person thinks they are higher status than what they actually are

A

delusions of grandeur

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9
Q

when you think that someone is out to get you

A

delusions of persecution

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9
Q

hearing voices that aren’t actually there –> can point to a specific point in which the voices are coming from

A

auditory hallucination

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9
Q

disturbances in your perceptions

A

hallucinations

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10
Q

the presence of inappropriate behaviors (hallucinations, disorganized or delusional talking)

A

positive symptoms

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11
Q

the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless, rigid bodies)

A

negative symtpoms

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12
Q

problems with working memory, attention, reasoning, problem solving, etc

A

cognitive symptoms

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13
Q

explanation of origin disorders as combination of biological predispositions plus stress or abusive environment

A

diathesis-stress model

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14
Q

Causes of schizophrenia:

A

maternal infections (influenza, rubella), abuse/neglect during periods of critical brain growth

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15
Q

pruning is (increased/decreased) in individuals with schizophrenia

A

increased

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16
Q

includes all forms of depression, including major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder

A

depressive disorders

17
Q

symptoms last for at least 2 consecutive weeks

A

major depressive disorder

18
Q
  1. depressed mood that stays low
  2. reduced interest/pleasure in doing anything
  3. significant weight change
  4. sleep disturbances
  5. sluggishness or restlessness
  6. daily fatigue/loss of energy
  7. daily feelings of worthlessness
  8. difficulty concentrating
  9. recurrent thoughts of death
A

major depressive disorder

19
Q

___% of overall US population has major depressive disorder

A

7%

20
Q

same symptoms as major depressive disorder, but less severe symptoms

A

persistent depressive disorder

21
Q

sense of powerlessness that arises from repeated inability to control or escape stressful situations

A

learned helplessness

22
Q

origins of depression

A

stressful event and/or biochemical factors

23
Q

severe mood fluctuations, cycling between very low (depressive) and very high (manic) moods

A

bipolar disorder

24
Q

increased energy, sleeplessness, euphoria, irritability, delusions of grandeur, increased sex drive, “racing” thoughts –> lasts at least a week

A

manic episodes

25
Q

same symptoms as mania, but less severe

A

hypomanic episodes

26
Q
  • criteria for mania for at least 7 days
  • depressive symptoms
  • full blown mania
A

Bipolar I

27
Q
  • criteria for hypomania for at least 4 days
  • depressive symptoms
  • highs aren’t quite as high, but the lows are just as low
A

Bipolar II

28
Q

a relatively mild form of bipolar disorder

A

cyclothymia

29
Q

bipolar disorder and depression work on different ____

A

neurotransmitters

30
Q

causes of bipolar disorder

A
  • prenatal alcohol exposure
  • abnormalities in the brain
  • potential genetic contribution
  • hormone imbalances
31
Q

generalized state of apprehension or tension

A

anxiety

32
Q

symptoms: trouble with sleep, body restlessness/agitation, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension –> lasts at least 6 months

A

generalized anxiety disorder

33
Q

an anxiety disorder associated with perceptions of threat and occurring because of fear of danger, inability to escape, embarrassment, or specific objects

A

panic attacks

34
Q

disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more attacks

A

panic disorder

35
Q

diagnosis of panic disorder

A

attack followed by at least one month of persistent worry over future attacks

36
Q

ongoing and irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity

A

phobia

37
Q

fear of humiliation in the presence of others, characterized by intense self-consciousness about appearance or behavior or both

A

social phobia

38
Q

fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available should a panic attack occur

A

agoraphobia

39
Q

phobia of a particular object or situation

A

specific phobia

40
Q

origins of anxiety disorders - 3 biological factors

A
  1. GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) deficiencies
  2. Genetic heritage
  3. Personality (high neuroticism and high introversion)
41
Q

disorder that involves intrusive and persistent cognitive, emotional, and physiological symptoms triggered by catastrophic or horrifying events

A

posttraumatic stress disorder

42
Q

diagnosis of PTSD

A
  • directly experience traumatic event
  • witness event occurring to others
  • learned of violent or accidental extreme trauma occurring to a loved one
  • repeatedly exposed to or reminded of details of such event

PSYCH 100 (7 decks)

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