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PSYCH 100 > Chapter 14: Social Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Social Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to each other

A

social psychology

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2
Q

examining the group - unit of analysis is the group

A

sociology

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3
Q

unit of analysis of an individual- how an individual behaves when they are apart of a group

A

social psychology

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4
Q

evolutionary benefits of living in social groups:

A
  • protection against predators
  • cooperation to complete tasks
  • child rearing
  • social facilitation
  • social loafing
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5
Q

presence of others improves one’s performance on a well learned task

A

social facilitation

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6
Q

presence of others causes one to relax and slack off

A

social loafing

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7
Q

tendency to adjust behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to norms of culture

A

conformity

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8
Q

rules about acceptable behavior imposed by cultural context in which one lives

A

social norms

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9
Q

conformity because one views others as sources of knowledge about what one is supposed to do

A

informational social influence

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10
Q

conformity in order to be accepted by others or avoid rejection

A

normative social influence

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11
Q

study on conformity example:

A

the line test

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12
Q

individuals are most likely to conform when:

A
  • feel incompetent/insecure
  • group has 3 or more people
  • everyone else in the group agrees
  • admire group’s status and attractiveness
  • haven’t made prior commitment to response
  • know others in group will observe our behavior
  • belong to collectivist culture
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13
Q

thinking of the group takes over, so much that the group members forgo logic or critical analysis of reaching decision (mob mentality)

A

groupthink

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14
Q

symptoms of groupthink

A
  • illusions of vulnerability
  • self-censorship
  • pressure on dissenters to conform
  • illusion of unanimity
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15
Q

how to minimize groupthink

A
  • reward doubt/dissent
  • protects minority opinions
  • asks for as many ideas as possible
  • has group members think of disadvantages of proposed decision
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16
Q

when smaller group of individuals in a larger group shift majority opinions by presenting a consistent, unwavering message

A

minority social influence

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17
Q

type of social influence in which person yields to will of another person, complying with demands

A

obedience

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18
Q

obedience vs conformity

A

obedience: follow instructions of authority figure
conformity: trying to blend in and doing what everyone else is doing

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19
Q

obedience is highest when:

A
  • person giving orders is in close proximity
  • authority figure perceived to be associated with prestigious institution
  • victim was depersonalized/distant
  • no models for defiance
  • foot-in-the-door phenomenon (can gradually increase what I’m asking you to do)
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20
Q

inferences made about cases of other people’s behavior

A

attribution

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21
Q

assume someone is a bad driver if they cut you off

A

attribution

22
Q

inherent to the person (cut off in traffic –> they are always a bad driver

A

dispositional attribution

23
Q

external to the person (cut off in traffic –> “I didn’t see the other car, but if I would have I wouldn’t have cut in front of them”

A

situational attribution

24
Q

situational attributions for our failures but dispositional attributions for our success

A

self-serving bias

25
Q

tendency to explain others behavior in dispositional rather than situational terms

A

fundamental attribution theory

26
Q

ways of knowing that we develop from experiences with objects or events

A

schemas

27
Q

expect individuals to behave a certain way based on the group they belong to

A

stereotype

28
Q

when you put down/say something hurtful about members of a particular group

A

negative stereotypes

29
Q

sounds like saying something that is intended to be a compliment, but you are actually treating every member of that group as the same

A

positive stereotypes

30
Q

tendency to portray a group of people as unworthy of human rights and traits - intended to make them feel unworthy

A

dehumanization

31
Q

treat out groups as if they are homogenous and as if they are the same

A

out group homogeneity

32
Q

we appreciate/understand that there is diversity within our in-group

A

in group heterogeneity

33
Q

biased attitude towards a group of people or individual members of a group based on unfair generalizations about what members in the group are like

A

prejudice

34
Q

preferential treatment of certain people, usually driven by prejudicial attitudes

A

discrimination

35
Q

roots of prejudice:

A
  1. social
  2. emotional
  3. cognitive
36
Q

people get what they deserve

A

just-world phenomenon

37
Q

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger providing someone to blame

A

scapegoat theory

38
Q

a person’s favorable or unfavorable feelings, beliefs, or actions toward an object, idea, or person

A

attititudes

39
Q

feelings or emotions associated with belief

A

affective attitude

40
Q

rational thoughts and beliefs

A

cognitive attitude

41
Q

motive to act in a particular way

A

behavior attitude

42
Q

act of attempting to change opinions, beliefs, or choices of others by explanation or argument

A

persuasion

43
Q

focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

A

central route to persuasion

44
Q

influenced by incidental cues (ex: speakers attractiveness)

A

peripheral route to persuasion

45
Q

feeling of discomfort caused by information that is different from a person’s conception of themselves and sensible person

A

cognitive dissonance

46
Q

violent behavior that is intended to cause psychological or physical harm, or both, to another being

A

aggression

47
Q

stemming from anger

A

hostile aggression

48
Q

aggression meant to achieve goal (ex: bad mouthing someone up for the same promotion as you)

A

instrumental aggression

49
Q

4 characteristics that make a murderer

A
  1. male
  2. raised in a neglectful/abusive home
  3. psychological disorder
  4. brain/head injury
50
Q

action that is beneficial to others

A

prosocial behavior

51
Q

the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help

A

bystander effect

52
Q

responsibility is shared among individuals –> everyone else thinks someone is going to step into help

A

diffusion of responsibility

PSYCH 100 (7 decks)

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