Chapter 15 - Production Of Sex Cells Flashcards
What are gametes?
Sex cells
What are gonads?
Organs that produce sex cells
What is a diploid cell?
A somatic cell that contains 46 chromosomes.
What is a haploid cell?
A sex cell that contains 23 chromosomes.
What is the product of mitosis?
Diploids for growth and repair.
What is the product of meiosis?
Gametes for sexual reproduction.
What is a zygote?
The product of fusion of the male and female gametes at fertilisation.
What are the male gametes?
Spermatozoa
What are the female gametes?
Ova
What does sexual reproduction involve?
The joining together of gametes
What are primary sex organs?
The organs that produce gametes.
What are secondary sex organs?
Organs that store gametes, bring them together for fertilisation and support the developing baby
What are the male primary sex organs/gonads?
Testes
Where are the testes located?
In a skin covered pouch called the scrotum which is the supporting structure for the testes
Why do the testes lie on the outside of the body cavity?
Because the production and development of sperm requires a temperature about 2 degrees lower than body temperature.
What happens when the testes are too cold/hot?
Smooth muscles fibres contract to move them closer or further away from the body
What is the structure of the seminiferous tubules?
200-300 lobules
What is the function of seminiferous tubules?
Lined with cells that divide during spermatogenesis to produce male gametes
What is the function of interstitial cells?
Secrete testosterone
What is the function of the epididymis?
Stores sperm and transports in from the testes to the vas deferens
What does sperm require?
- a watery medium in which to swim
- a nourishing environment that provides sugars they need
- protection against the acidic environment of the vagina