Chapter 15 - Organizational change

Question 1

What are the factors that can be changed in organizations?

Answer 1

Goals and strategies
technology
Job design
structure
process
culture
branding
people

Question 2

what is a big technology change

Answer 2

moving onto socialmedia use

Question 3

What are some things changes in structure can change?

Answer 3

Formalization and centralization
tallness
spans of control
networking
modifications in rules

Question 4

what is the most difficult thing to change

Answer 4

culture which is considered a fundamental aspect of organization change

Question 5

What are the 2 senses a membership(people) of an organization can be changed?

Answer 5

content of the membership through the hiring process (for new blood)
existing membership can be changed (in terms of skills and attitudes )

Question 6

what changes require a change of people?

Answer 6

Changes in goals
strategies
technology
structure
process
job design
culture

Question 7

What are a 3 stages the change process include?

Answer 7

Unfreeze
Change
Refreeze

Question 8

When does unfreezing occure?

Answer 8

when current situation is unsatisfactory.
this will result in a drop in sales, klawsuit, strikes

Question 9

what can we use to make a best out of unfreezing?

Answer 9

employee attitude surveys
customer surveys
financial data
a vision will be most effective

Question 10

what is change?

Answer 10

when some programs implemented to move the organization to a more satisfactory state.

Question 11

give examples for change

Answer 11

minor change - simple skill training program, revised hiring procedure
Major change- extensive job enrichment, radical restructuring serious attempts at empowering the workforce

Question 12

what are the three factors that has to be present for a change to occur?

Answer 12

capability to change, opportunity to change, motivation to change

Question 13

What is refreezing?

Answer 13

the new developed behaviors must become an ongoing aspect of the organization

Question 14

what are the two basic sources of pressure to change?

Answer 14

external goals
internal goals

Question 15

what are some organization factors that can be

Answer 15

goals and strategies
job design
structure
culture

Question 16

What is the main learning event?

Answer 16

covid 19 pandemic - retaurat takeout change, e commerce WFH

Question 17

What is organization learning?

Answer 17

process through which organizations acquire, develop, retain and transfer knowledge throughout the organization.

Question 18

What are 2 primary methods of organizational learning?

Answer 18

knowledge aquisition
knowledge development - generating new knowledge thorugh dialog and experience

Question 19

What is LEARNING ORGANIZATION?

Answer 19

an organization that has systems and processes for creating, aquiring, retaining and transferring knowledge to modify and change its activities to reflect new knowledge and insights

Question 20

What are the four key dimensions that are critical for a learning organization?

Answer 20

vision/support - leaders clear vision about orgs vision that should shared

culture - that support learning , risk taking suported

Learning system/dynamics - “learning by doing: is encouraged

Knowledge management./ infastracture - systems to aquire, code, store and distributie important info and knowledge so it is available to who needs.

Question 21

What is more potent determinant of organizational learning?

Answer 21

Failure as it stimulates for greater information search and aquisition

Question 22

What about learning organizations?

Answer 22

better able to transform themselves of their greater capacity for acquiring, retaining and transferring knowledge.

Question 23

What are the issues under change process?

Answer 23

diagnosis (unfreeze)
resistance(unfreeze and change)
evaluation and institutionalization(refreeze)

Question 24

What is diagnosis

Answer 24

Diagnosis is the systematic collection of info relevent to impending org change
provide information that contributed to unfeezing by showing that a problem exist

further can suggest what changes should be implemented

Question 25

Who are the experts in application of behavioral science knowledge to organizational diagnosis and change?

Answer 25

Change agents - internal in larger firms

Question 26

How to obtain information for diagnostic information?

Answer 26

interviews, questionairs, observations and scrutiny of records

Question 27

What is the downfall of this?

Answer 27

some companies imitate the change programs of their competitors or other visible firms without doing a careful diagnosis of their own specific needs

Question 28

What is resistance?

Answer 28

people may resist to both unfreezing and refreezing
at the unfreezing stage, defence mechanisms misght be activated to deny or rationalize the signals that change is needed.

Question 29

why does failure of supports that leads to resistance occur?

Answer 29

politics and self-interest
low confidence
low individual tolerance for change
lack of trust
defence assesments of the situation
strong emotions
strong organizational identification
a resistant organizations culture

Question 30

What are the two major themes that underlies many of these reasons for resistance?

Answer 30

change in unnecessary because there is only small gap between the organization’s current and ideal identity

change is unobtainable because the gap between the current and ideal is big

SHOWS THAT MODETRATE IDENTITY GAP IS THE BEST

Question 31

what is the link between time and resistance?

Answer 31

it is critical to foster positive perceptions for change early and sustain them overtime.

Question 32

How to deal with resistance?

Answer 32

low tolerance is individual matter, to avoid supportive and patient supervision is important

Question 33

what leadertype is particularly adept at overcoming resistance to changge

Answer 33

transformational leaders

Question 34

What is evaluation and institutionalization

Answer 34

evaluation changes to determine whether they have accomplished what they were suppose to and whether that is now considered adequate

Question 35

factors used for thorough evaluation by considering range of variables?

Answer 35

Reactions - did participants like the change program?
learnings - what knowledge was acquired in the program
behavior - what changes in job behavior occured?
outcomes - indicate whether refreezing is useful for the organization