Chapter 15 Adrenergic agonists and antagonists

Question 1

Adrenergic agonists

Answer 1

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system because they mimic the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine. Act on Adrenergic receptors

Question 2

Adrenergic receptor

Answer 2

Sites locates in the effector cells of muscles such as the heart, bronchiole walls, GI tract, urinary bladder, and ciliary muscles of the eye. Alpha and beta 1-2 receptors

Question 3

Alpha 1

Answer 3

Increases for of heart contraction vasoconstriction increases BP, mydriasis (dilation of pupils), secretion in salivary glands decreases, urinary bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction increases

Question 4

Alpha 2

Answer 4

Inhibits release of norepinephrine, dilates blood vessels, produces hypotension, decreases GI motility and tone

Question 5

Beta 1

Answer 5

Increases HR and force of contraction, increases renin secretion, increasing BP

Question 6

Beta 2

Answer 6

Dilates bronchioles, promotes GI and uterine relaxation; promotes increases in blood glucose through glycogenolysis in the liver, increases blood flow in skeletal muscles

Question 7

Sympathetic affects

Answer 7

Eye (dilate), lung. (Dilate bronchioles), heart 9increased HR), blood vessel (constrict), gastrointestinal(decrease motility), bladder (relax), uterus (relax)

Question 8

Inactivation of neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Inactivated by regulate of the transmitter back into the neuron. Transformation or degradation, diffusion away from the receptor .

Question 9

Sympathomimetics

Answer 9

Adrenergic agonist. Drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors are classified into 3 categories according to their effects on organ cells.

Question 10

Direct acting sympathomimetics

Answer 10

Direc5tky stimulate the adrenergic receptor (epi or norepinephrine

Question 11

Indirect acting symp

Answer 11

Which stimulate the release of norepinephrine from the terminal of the nerve endings

Question 12

Mixed-acting sympathomimetics

Answer 12

Which stimulate the adrenergic receptor sites and stimulate the release of epi and norepinephrine

(Pseudoephedrine)

Question 13

Catecholamines

Answer 13

Chemical structures of a substance either endogenous or synthetic that can induce a sympathomimetic response

Question 14

Noncatecholamines

Answer 14

Have a longer duration of action. Stimulate more than one adrenergic receptor

Question 15

Epinephrine pharmacokinetics

Answer 15

Can be administered subq, IV, topically, inhalation, or intracardiac. Not given orally because It is rapidly metabolized in the GI tract and liver. Metabolized by the liver.

Question 16

Epinephrine pharcadynamics

Answer 16

Used in emergency to treat anaphylaxis. (Allergic response). Myocardial contraction strengthening drug that increases cardiac output, promotes constriction, and systolic BP increase, increase HR and produces bronchodilation.

Question 17

Albuterol pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

Well absorbed by Gi tract and metabolized by liver. Half-life= 2.7-6 hours

Question 18

Albuterol pharmacodynamics

Answer 18

Prevent and treat bronchospasm. With inhalation, the onset of action of albuterol is 5-15 minutes by inhalation

Question 19

Albuterol

Answer 19

Beta2 adrenergic agonist, is selective for beta2 adrenergic receptors, so the response is relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation.

Question 20

Adrenergic agonists drugs

Answer 20

Epinephrine (A, A2, B, B2)
Ephedrine (A, B, B2)
Norepinephrine (A, B)
Dopamine (A, B)
Midodrine (a)
Phenylephrine HCl (A, A2, B)
Albuterol (b2)
Metaproterenol sulfate (b2)
Dobutamine HCl (b)
Terbutaline sulfate (b2)

Question 21

Alpha 2 drugs

Answer 21

Act by decreasing the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves

Question 22

Adrenergic antagonists

Answer 22

Block the effects of adrenergic neurotransmitters.

Question 23

Alpha adrenergic antagonists

Answer 23

Drugs that block or inhibit a response at the alpha adrenergic receptor. Selective and non selective blockers

Question 24

Alpha 1 blocker

Answer 24

Vasodilation; decreases BP; reflex tachycardia might result, mydriasis occurs, suppresses evaluation, reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate gland

Question 25

Beta 1 blockers

Answer 25

Decreases HR; reduces force of contractions

Question 26

Beta 2 blockers

Answer 26

Constricts bronchioles, contracts uterus, inhibits glycogenolysis, which can decrease blood glucose