Chapter 15 Flashcards
Collision theory
Chemical reactions occur through collisions between molecules and atoms.
Living things are in _______ ___-________ within their surroundings
Controlled
Dis-equilibrium
___-energy collisions lead to products and ____ energy collisions do not
High
Low
Activation energy
An energy barrier that must be overcome by reactants to achieve products
Dynamic equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, the condition in which the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
Reactants and products that are experiencing dynamic equilibrium are _______
Not equal
Keq
Equallibrium constant
aA+bB (double arrow) cC+ dD
Keq= ((C)^c(D)^d)/((A)^a(B)^b)
Products raised to the power = to coefficients divided by reactants raised to the power of coefficiants
Keq«1 means
Reverse reaction is favored, so more reactants then products
Keq=1
Approximately
Similar amounts of products and reactants will form
Keq»1 means
Forward reaction is favored
More products then reactants
In the Keq equation, solids are _____
Constants, so remove them from the formula
In the Keq equation liquids are
Constant (if pure)
In Keq equation, only include ____ and ______ substances
Aqueous
Gaseous
Le Chateliers principle
When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system shifts in a direction that minimizes the disturbance.
In an ectothermic reaction we think of heat as a _____ while in an endothermic reaction we think of heat as a _____
Product
Reactant
Ksp
The reactants times each other different from Keq
A small ksp means _____ reaction is favored while a large value means the _______ reaction is favorable
Reverse
Forward
Molar soluability
Moles per liter
Moles/liter
Ksp (is/is not) the molar soluability
Is not
S=____
Square root of ksp
Hydrogen and oxygen don’t react quickly despite a high Keq because their _________ _____ is ____
Activation
Energy
High
Energy of compounds must initially be raised to overcome the activation energy so they can ___
Bond
Catalysts minimize the _____ needed to over come the initial hump
Amount
The ____ the activation energy the lower the amount of reactant molecules that will become products in a given amount of time
Higher
At a given temperature, the ____ the activation energy for a chemical reaction, the slower the reaction rate.
Higher
To speed a slow reaction you can increase the _______ or increase the temperature.
Finally you could utilize a ______ to speed the reaction.
Molarity/concentration
Catalyst
Catalysts let us carryout reactions that would be otherwise impossible
Absorb bro
Enzymes are _______ catalysts
Biological
