Chapter 14 Acids Flashcards
Bases
Taste bitter
Have a slippery feel
Turn red litmus paper blue
Acids have/are/able
A sour taste
To dissolve many metals
Turn blue litmus paper red
Arrhenius acids and bases
1880s model
Acid- an acid produces H+ ions in aqueous solution
Base- a base produces OH- ions in an aqueous solution
Bronsted-Lowry definition
1923
Acid- an acid is a proton donor (H+ ion)
Base- a bad is a proton acceptor (H+ ion)
Proton donors and acceptors always occur
Together
An amphoteric substance can
Act as an acid or base
A conjugate acid-base pair are
Two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton.
Basically the one the aftermath of losing or gaining an electron.
In an acid base reaction, a ___ accepts a proton and becomes a conjugate _____. An _______ donated a proton and becomes a conjugate ________.
Base
Acid
Acid base
Neutralization reaction reactant->products
Acid+base—> water + salt
Or if HCl and carbonates
Acid + base ——-> water +gas + salt
Acid reaction, acid and metal reactants
Acid+ metal—-> gas + salt
It breaks down the metals into a salt with the hydrogen forming H2
Some metals ___ ____ react with acids for instance _____
Do not readily
Gold
Acid and a metal oxide reaction
Acid+metal oxide (K2O)—–> water and salt
Titration
Is when you react a substance in a solution of known concentration with another substance in a solution of an unknown concentration.
Equivalence point
The point at titration when the number of miles of OH- adored equals the number of moles of H+ originally in the solution- is when the titration is complete.
Indicator
Is a dye that indicates acidity of the solution.
Acids and bases can be categorized as ____ or ____
Strong
Weak
Strong acids ______ ionize in a _____
Completely
Solution
Double arrow indicates
Partial ionization
[H3O+] =
1.0 Molarity/concentration
Strong acids are (strong/weak) electrolytes
Strong
Monoprotic acids
Contain only one ionizable proton (H)
Diprotic acid is
An acid that contains two ionizable protons (H2)
Weak acids (do/do not) completely ionize in the solution
Do not
Double arrow indicates
Partial ionization
Weak acids are
Weak electrolytes
The degree to which an acid is strong or weak depends on the attraction between the anion and the H+
Internalize
A strong attraction between the anion and cation of the acid results in ______ ionization
Partial
A weak attraction between the cation and the anion results in ______ ionization
Complete
In terms of molarity a strong acid will have an ____ concentration of H3O while in weak acids the concentration will be ____ than the general molarity
Equal
Less
Weak acids make _____ strong bases while strong acids make _____ bases
Strong
Weak
Strong base
[OH-] =
[Na+]=
- 0 M
- 0 M
1 to 1 ratio for the given molarity
Amphoteric
Means that the substance can act as an acid or a base
Product constant for water =
Kw
Kw= [H3O+][OH-]
25C
1.0E-14
In a neutral solution
1.0E10-7
In an acidic solution [H3O+]_[OH-]
H3O+]>[OH-]
In a basic solution H3O+]_[OH-]
H3O+]<[OH-]
Ph scale is to _____ while POH scale is to ______
Acids
Bases
To calculate PH or POH from Molarity of the respective acid or base simply use _____
-log(H3O)= PH
Or
-log(OH) = PH
To find H3O or OH Molarity from a PH or POH value, simply______
10^-PH
Or
10^-POH
The some of PH and POH are always __, therefore a solution with 3 PH will have ___ POH
14
11
Buffers
Resist PH changes
A buffer reaction is similar to a
Neutralization reaction
The difference between normal neutralization and a buffer is
That buffers are almost entirely comprised of an acid and base mixture with little neutral volume
To neutralize a buffer, you must add either ____ acid or _____ more base then the literal amount if the buffer
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