chapter 15 Flashcards
what are motivations that affect behavior
internal and external forces, such as biological needs, social influences and psychological drives, that guide behavior
what is forming impressions of people
the process of integrating information about other to create a coherent view of them, influenced by stereotypes, nonverbal cues, and first impressions
what are attributions for our own and others behavior
explanations for why people act as they do, categorized as internal (dispotional) or external (situational)
what is the fundamental attribution error
the tendency to overemphaizse factors and underestimate situational factors when judging others behaviors
what is the self-serving bias
the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem
what is the difference between attitudes and biases
attitudes: evaluations of people, objects, or ideas
biases: systematic deviations in judgement, often based on stereotypes or preconceived notions
what is the elaboration likelihood model attitude change
a theory explaining how persuasion occurs through two routes
- central route: focuses arguments logical arguments and evidence - peripheral route: relies on superficial cues, like attractiveness or authority
what are behavioral techniques for attitude change
cognitive dissonance: the discomfort from inconsistent attitude or behaviors motivates individuals to change one to reduce the inconsistency
what are norms and conformity
norms: shared rules of behavior in a group
conformity: adjusting behavior or attitudes to align with group norms
what bare informational and social influences in conformity
informational influence: conforming to gain accurate information
social influence: conforming to gain social acceptance or avoid rejection
what was ascus experiment
a study showing people conform to a groups incorrect answer about line lengths, even when the correct answer is obvious
what are the effects of group dynamics
deindividuation: losing-self awareness and restraint in groups
social facilitation: improved performance on simple tasks in front of others
social loafing: reduced effort in group tasks
what is group decision-making
group polarization: groups intensify members initial attitudes
groupthink: poor decisions from prioritizing group harmony over critical evaluation
what is obedience to authority
following orders from authority figures, as demonstrated by milligrams experiment on participants administering electric shocks
what is aggressive behavior
behavior intended to harm others, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors
