chapter 13 Flashcards
what is the difference between signs and symptoms in psychological disorders
signs: observable indicators (ex: behaviors, physical changes)
symptoms: subjective experiences reported by the individual (sadness, anxiety, etc)
what is the syndrome in psycholpthaology
a collection of signs and symptoms that tend to co-occur and characterize a particular psychological disorder
what is the difference between point prevalence and lifetime prevalence in psychopathology
point prevalence: the proportion of individuals with a disorder at a specific time
lifetime prevalence: the proportion of individuals who have experienced a disorder at any point in their lives
what are the types of psychological assessments
clinical interview: structured discussion with a professional
self report: questionnaires or surveys completed by the individual
projective tests: tests using ambiguous stimuli (Rorschach inkblot test)
what is the DSM-5
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a standardized classification system for psychological disorders
what is the diathesis -stress model
a framework suggesting that psychological disorders result from an interaction between a predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors
what are anxiety-related disorders
disorder involving excessive fear or anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), phobias, panic disorder, and OCD
what is GAD
chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life, accompanied by physical symptoms like restlessness and fatigue
what is the difference between specific phobias and social phobia
specific phobias: intense fear of a particular object or situation (ex: spiders, heights)
social phobia: fear off being judged or embarrassed in social situations
what is panic disorder and agoraphobia
panic disorder is recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. agoraphobia is a fear of situation where escape might be difficult during a panic attack
what is the difference between obsessions and compulsions in OCD
obsessions are intrusive, unwanted thoughts or urges. compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety
what is the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD
ASD symptoms occur within a month of the traumatic event where PTSD symptoms persist beyond a month after the traumatic event
what re risk factors for anxiety-related disorders
genetic predispositions, early life experience, and cognitive patterns such as catastrophizing or avoidance behaviors
what is major depressive disorder
a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and other symptoms lasting at least two weeks
what is bipolar disorder
a mood disorder involving alternating episodes of depression and mani/hypomania
