chapter 15

Question 1

Aerobic Capacity

Answer 1

the cardiovascular system becomes less efficient as we age; lung muscles shrink
-max heart rate decreases

Question 2

Blood-sugar Tolerance

Answer 2

as we age tissues in the body become less capable of taking up glucose from bloodstream, increasing the risk of on-set diabetes

Question 3

when should women be screened for breast cancer or colon cancer

Answer 3

50

Question 4

what is cancer

Answer 4

is a chronic, non-communicable diesease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells

Question 5

benign tumours

Answer 5

-non-cancerous
-do not pose a threat to life

Question 6

malignant tumors

Answer 6

invade and destroy surrounding tissue

Question 7

metastases

Answer 7

tumors the travel through the bloodstream of lymphatic system to form new tumors else where

Question 8

survival rates of cancer

Answer 8

African Canadians have twice the average
indigenous population have the poorest survival rates

Question 9

can cigarettes smoking cause cancer?

Answer 9

yes 84% of lung cancer

Question 10

treatment of cancer

Answer 10

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy

Question 11

artiosclerosis

Answer 11

hardening of the arteries

Question 12

atherosclerosis

Answer 12

a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque in the lining of the arteries

Question 13

one of the top 5 reasons for hospitalization

Answer 13

heart disease

Question 14

what suppresses the immune system

Answer 14

stress

Question 15

what can constrict the blood vessels to the heart

Answer 15

stress hormones associated with anger (steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 16

how can stress test help?

Answer 16

help diagnose coronary heart disease as well as its severity

Question 17

menopause

Answer 17

cessation of menstruation; normal process occurring between the ages of 46-50

Question 18

Perimenopause

Answer 18

beginning of menopause, 3-11 months of amenorrhea(lack of menstruation)

Question 19

Climacteric

Answer 19

refers to gradual decline in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries due to a decline in production of estrogen; lasts about 15 years (45-60)

Question 20

what can a estrogen deficits lead to

Answer 20

unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flashes/flushes. feeling cold and clammy

Question 21

osteoporosis

Answer 21

can become because of long-term estrogen deficit
-weak bones

Question 22

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Answer 22

it is estrogen and progesterone; it alleviates physical symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and vaginal dryness, lowers risk of osteoporosis

Question 23

HRT side effects

Answer 23

headaches, irritability, memory loss, and blood clots. increases risks for stroke, ovarian and breast cancer

Question 24

andropause

Answer 24

there is a gradual decline in the production of male sex hormone and fertility

Question 25

can a man still father a child in his 70s?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

sexual dysfunctions

Answer 26

persistent or recurrent problems in

Question 27

men sexual dysfunctions

Answer 27

reaching orgasm too soon and performance anxiety

Question 28

causes of erectile disorders can affect?

Answer 28

flow of blood to and through the penis

Question 29

can age affect the sexual response of women

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

multidirectionality

Answer 30

some aspects of intellectual functioning improve while others remain stable or decline

Question 31

Interindividual variability

Answer 31

people mature differently due to different cultural and social settings this is found in middle adulthood

Question 32

plasticity

Answer 32

intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under certain conditions at almost any time in life

Question 33

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 33

Cluster of knowledge and skills that depend on accumulated information and experience, awareness of social conventions, and the capacity to make good decisions

Question 34

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 34

Person's skills at processing information held in memory

Question 35

how is information processing measured

Answer 35

reaction time

Question 36

people in middle adulthood have grater reaction time

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what do people during middle adulthood have more difficulty doing?

Answer 37

rote rehearsal, memorizing lists of words, numbers or passages of prose - than young adults.

Question 38

Baby boomers

Answer 38

those people who were born between 1946 and 1965

Question 39

interindividual variability

Answer 39

no two people age in the same way or the same rate

Question 40

why does hair turn grey

Answer 40

a decrease in melanin

Question 41

what is a cause for wrinkles

Answer 41

UV rays

Question 42

Presbyopia

Answer 42

loss of elasticity in the lens that makes it harder to focus on fine print or near objects

Question 43

Presbycusis

Answer 43

loss of hearing over time and impacts the elderly most