chapter 15 Flashcards
Aerobic Capacity
the cardiovascular system becomes less efficient as we age; lung muscles shrink
-max heart rate decreases
Blood-sugar Tolerance
as we age tissues in the body become less capable of taking up glucose from bloodstream, increasing the risk of on-set diabetes
when should women be screened for breast cancer or colon cancer
50
what is cancer
is a chronic, non-communicable diesease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells
benign tumours
-non-cancerous
-do not pose a threat to life
malignant tumors
invade and destroy surrounding tissue
metastases
tumors the travel through the bloodstream of lymphatic system to form new tumors else where
survival rates of cancer
African Canadians have twice the average
indigenous population have the poorest survival rates
can cigarettes smoking cause cancer?
yes 84% of lung cancer
treatment of cancer
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy
artiosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque in the lining of the arteries
one of the top 5 reasons for hospitalization
heart disease
what suppresses the immune system
stress
what can constrict the blood vessels to the heart
stress hormones associated with anger (steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine)
how can stress test help?
help diagnose coronary heart disease as well as its severity
menopause
cessation of menstruation; normal process occurring between the ages of 46-50
Perimenopause
beginning of menopause, 3-11 months of amenorrhea(lack of menstruation)
Climacteric
refers to gradual decline in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries due to a decline in production of estrogen; lasts about 15 years (45-60)
what can a estrogen deficits lead to
unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flashes/flushes. feeling cold and clammy
osteoporosis
can become because of long-term estrogen deficit
-weak bones
Hormone Replacement Therapy
it is estrogen and progesterone; it alleviates physical symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and vaginal dryness, lowers risk of osteoporosis
HRT side effects
headaches, irritability, memory loss, and blood clots. increases risks for stroke, ovarian and breast cancer
andropause
there is a gradual decline in the production of male sex hormone and fertility
can a man still father a child in his 70s?
yes
sexual dysfunctions
persistent or recurrent problems in
men sexual dysfunctions
reaching orgasm too soon and performance anxiety
causes of erectile disorders can affect?
flow of blood to and through the penis
can age affect the sexual response of women
yes
multidirectionality
some aspects of intellectual functioning improve while others remain stable or decline
Interindividual variability
people mature differently due to different cultural and social settings this is found in middle adulthood
plasticity
intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under certain conditions at almost any time in life
Crystallized intelligence
Cluster of knowledge and skills that depend on accumulated information and experience, awareness of social conventions, and the capacity to make good decisions
Fluid Intelligence
Person’s skills at processing information held in memory
how is information processing measured
reaction time
people in middle adulthood have grater reaction time
true
what do people during middle adulthood have more difficulty doing?
rote rehearsal, memorizing lists of words, numbers or passages of prose - than young adults.
Baby boomers
those people who were born between 1946 and 1965
interindividual variability
no two people age in the same way or the same rate
why does hair turn grey
a decrease in melanin
what is a cause for wrinkles
UV rays
Presbyopia
loss of elasticity in the lens that makes it harder to focus on fine print or near objects
Presbycusis
loss of hearing over time and impacts the elderly most
