Chapter 15 Flashcards
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness
Acidosis
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, strider, rhonchi, and crackles
Adventitious breath sounds
The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids
Alkalosis
A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Allergen
An acute spasm of smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages
Asthma
Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
Atelectasis
Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi
Bronchial breath sounds
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchiolitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever.
Bronchitis
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide retention
An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion
Carbon monoxide
Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
Chronic bronchitis
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children
Croup
An infections disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx
Diphtheria
A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.
Embolus
A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction
Epiglottitis
An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis
Hay fever
This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing this syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min
Hyperventilation syndrome
Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strains
Influenza type A
Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up
Orthopnea
Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
An airborne bacterial infection that affects affects mostly children younger than 6 years, in which the patient is feverish and exhibits a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection
Pertussis
A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung
Pleural effusion
Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura
Pleuritic chest pain
An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue; its cause can be bacterial, viral, or fungal.
Pneumonia
A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure
Pulmonary edema
A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchioles is and pneumonia; highly contagious and spread through droplets
Respirator syncytial virus (RSV)
A Respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma
Small-volume nebulizer
A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys; it is spread by cough and can lie dormant in a person’s lungs for decades and then reactivate
Tuberculosis
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli
Vesicular breath sounds
