Chapter 15

Question 1

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness

Answer 1

Acidosis

Question 2

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, strider, rhonchi, and crackles

Answer 2

Adventitious breath sounds

Question 3

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

Answer 3

Alkalosis

Question 4

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

Answer 4

Allergen

Question 5

An acute spasm of smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

Answer 5

Asthma

Question 6

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

Answer 6

Atelectasis

Question 7

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

Answer 7

Bronchial breath sounds

Question 8

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 8

Bronchiolitis

Question 9

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever.

Answer 9

Bronchitis

Question 10

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide retention

Question 11

An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion

Answer 11

Carbon monoxide

Question 12

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke

Answer 12

Chronic bronchitis

Question 13

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

Answer 13

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 14

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children

Answer 14

Croup

Question 15

An infections disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

Answer 15

Diphtheria

Question 16

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.

Answer 16

Embolus

Question 17

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

Answer 17

Epiglottitis

Question 18

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

Answer 18

Hay fever

Question 19

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing this syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min

Answer 19

Hyperventilation syndrome

Question 20

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strains

Answer 20

Influenza type A

Question 21

Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up

Answer 21

Orthopnea

Question 22

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe

Answer 22

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 23

An airborne bacterial infection that affects affects mostly children younger than 6 years, in which the patient is feverish and exhibits a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

Answer 23

Pertussis

Question 24

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung

Answer 24

Pleural effusion

Question 25

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura

Answer 25

Pleuritic chest pain

Question 26

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue; its cause can be bacterial, viral, or fungal.

Answer 26

Pneumonia

Question 27

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

Answer 27

Pulmonary edema

Question 28

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchioles is and pneumonia; highly contagious and spread through droplets

Answer 28

Respirator syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 29

A Respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma

Answer 29

Small-volume nebulizer

Question 30

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys; it is spread by cough and can lie dormant in a person’s lungs for decades and then reactivate

Answer 30

Tuberculosis

Question 31

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

Answer 31

Vesicular breath sounds