Chapter 10

Question 1

The upper tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth, throat

Answer 1

Upper airway

Question 2

the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 min minus the dead space; calculated by the multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate

Answer 2

Alveolar ventilation

Question 3

the vol of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal vol.

Answer 3

Alveolar ventilation

Question 4

A safety SYSTEM for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

Answer 4

American Standard safety system

Question 5

Absence of spontaneous breathing

Answer 5

Apnea

Question 6

In context of airway, the introductions of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs

Answer 6

Aspiration

Question 7

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

Answer 7

Ataxic Respirations

Question 8

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated

Answer 8

Automatic transport ventilator

Question 9

a device with a one-way valve and a face mask attached to a. Ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen

Answer 9

BVM

Question 10

A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patients body fluids

Answer 10

Barrier device

Question 11

Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

Answer 11

Bronchioles

Question 12

The use of a capon meter, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide

Answer 12

Capnometry

Question 13

Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right main stem bronchi

Answer 13

Carina

Question 14

Monitor the levels of O2, CO2, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body’s needs at any given time

Answer 14

Chemoreceptors

Question 15

the ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation

Answer 15

Compliance

Question 16

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation

Answer 16

CPAP

Question 17

the amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath

Answer 17

End-tidal co2

Question 18

the passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax forcing air out of the lungs

Answer 18

Exhalation

Question 19

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration

Answer 19

External respiration

Question 20

A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat

Answer 20

Gag reflex

Question 21

A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

Answer 21

Gastric distention

Question 22

A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a. Mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient is still conscious and able to cough forcefully, although wheezing may be heard

Answer 22

Good air exchange

Question 23

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients

Answer 23

head tilt-chin lift maneuver

Question 24

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream

Answer 24

Hypercarbia

Question 25

A dangerous condition in which the the body’s tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

Answer 25

Hypoxia

Question 26

The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs; also a medication delivery route

Answer 26

Inhalation

Question 27

The exchange of gases between teh blood cells and the tissues

Answer 27

Internal respirations

Question 28

Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart

Answer 28

Intrapulmonary shunting

Question 29

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical sine injury

Answer 29

Jaw thrust

Question 30

A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins also called the voice box

Answer 30

Larynx

Question 31

A fixed flow rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time its button is pushed; also referred to as a flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device

Answer 31

Manually triggered ventilation device

Question 32

Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs

Answer 32

Mediastinum

Question 33

Occurs when a foreign body partially obstructs the patients airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiences some degree of respiratory distress

Answer 33

Mild airway obstruction

Question 34

A combination mask and reservoir bag system that is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting; delivers up to 90% inspired oxygen and prevents inhaling the exhaled gases

Answer 34

Nonrebreathing mask

Question 35

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion form the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

Answer 35

Oxygenation

Question 36

Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity

Answer 36

Parietal Pleura

Question 37

Describes the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid such as blood

Answer 37

Partial pressure

Question 38

the act of air moving in and out of the lungs during chest compression

Answer 38

Passive ventilaiton

Question 39

Open, Clear of obstruction

Answer 39

Patent

Question 40

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur.

Answer 40

Phrenic nerve

Question 41

A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

Answer 41

Pin-indexing system

Question 42

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural spaces

Answer 42

Pneumothorax

Question 43

A term used to describe the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient often has weak, ineffective cough, increased difficulty breathing, or possible cyanosis and may produce a high-pitched noise using inhalation (Stridor).

Answer 43

Poor air exchange

Question 44

Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patients airway. The patient cannot breathe talke or cough

Answer 44

Severe airway obstruction

Question 45

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; for example, the neck, it connects the trachea directly tot he skin

Answer 45

Stoma

Question 46

A hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patients airway

Answer 46

Suction catheter

Question 47

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 47

Surfactant

Question 48

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results

Answer 48

Tension pneumothorax

Question 49

Large, semirigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx also called yankauer tips

Answer 49

Tonsil tips

Question 50

A surgical procedure to create and opening into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin

Answer 50

Tracheostomy

Question 51

Thin membrane that covers the lungs

Answer 51

Visceral pleura

Question 52

the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled form the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible

Answer 52

Vital capacity

Question 53

Thin white bands of tough muscular tissue that are lateral borders the glottis and serve as the primary center for speech production

Answer 53

Vocal cords