Chapter 15 Flashcards
What are 5 important tasks your heart accomplishes?
- Carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body cells
- Absorbing nutrients from food and delivering nutrients to body cells
- Carrying carbon dioxide from your cells back to your lungs to be exhaled
- Delivering other waster products to the kidneys for removal from the body
- Helping the white blood cells fight disease by attacking infectious organisms
What does the cardiovascular system depend on?
the heart and its system of blood vessels to deliver blood throughout the body
What are the 4 chambers inside the heart?
The two top chambers are called the atria and the two lower chambers are called the ventricles
What do electrical impulses stimulate?
The ATRIA contracts, forcing blood into the ventricles. These electrical impulses travel through the heart to an area between two ventricles. There they stimulate the muscles of the ventricles to contract
Pulmonary circulation
the process by which blood moves between the heart and the lungs
Blood is the fluid that delivers what?
oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells and carries away waste.
Blood is made up of what components?
Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Capillaries, and veins
Arteries
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Capillaries
small vessels that carry blood from arterioles and to small vessels called venules which empty into veins
Veins
blood vessels that return blood to the heart
lymph
the clear fluid that fulls the spaces around body cells
pathogen
a microorganism that causes disease
Blood pressure
a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels
What does a blood pressure reading include?
two numbers, the first number measures your systolic pressure the second number measures your diastolic pressure
What are some disorders of the cardiovascular system?
Congenital heart defects, Heart murmurs, Anemia, Hemophilia, Leukemia,
What are the three lymphatic system disorders?
Tonsillitis, Immune deficiency, Hodgkin’s disease
What are the two parts of the process of respiration?
External respiration is where oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs. In internal Respiration oxygen moves from the blood into the cells and carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood.
What fuels the brain?
Oxygen
Diaphragm
A muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity
Where does air move into the lungs?
The trachea or the windpipe
Bronchi
the main airways that reach into each lung
What are the membranes of the nose lined with?
Hairlike structures called cilia and with cells that produce mucus
What does the Larynx contain?
The vocal cords two bands of tissue that produce sound when air forced between them causes them to vibrate
Epiglottis
a flap of tissue located above the larynx. This is an involuntary action that keeps food or drink from entering the respiratory system
Smoking damages what?
all parts if the respiratory system and is the main cause of lung cancer
Sinusitis
an inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses, air-filled cavities above the basal passages and throat
Bronchitis
an inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution
Asthma
an inflammation condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty breathing
Pneumonia
an inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection
Tuberculosis
a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs
Emphysema
a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli
What are the three main processes of the digestive system
Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination
Digestion includes what two processes?
The mechanical process involves chewing, mashing, and breaking food down. The chemical process involves secretions produced by digestive organs
What are the organs involved in digestion?
Teeth, Salivary glands, Tongue
Food is moved through where?
The esophagus, stomach, and intestine through peristalsis, a series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
What are the three tasks the stomach has?
Mixing foods with gastric juices, Storing partially digested food and liquid, moving food into the small intestine
The small intestine
is 20 to 23 feet in length and 1 inch in diameter. It consists of three parts, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum
What percent of all nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine?
about 90%
The large intestine
is 5 to 6 feet in length and 2.5 inches in diameter. It absorbs water,vitamins, and salts, and to eliminates waste.
What can you do to maintain your digestive health?
Eat a variety of low-fat, high fiver foods, wash your hands before preparing or eating meals, eat slowly and chew your food thoroughly, drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day, and avoid using food as a way of dealing with your emotions
What are some Functional problems of the digestive system?
Indigestion, Constipation, heartburn, gas, Nausea, and Diarrhea
What are some structural problems?
Tooth decay, Gastritis, A peptic ulcer, Gallstones, Lactose intolerance, Appendicitis, colitis, Colon Cancer, Hemorrhoids, Crohns disease, and Cirrhosis
What happens when sweat is produced?
it removes excess water and salts through the pores. This excretion helps to regulate body temperature
What do the kidneys do?
Remove waste products from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons
What happens when the body becomes dehydrated
the puititary gland realeases antidiuretic hormone. This causes thirst and allows the kidneys to balance the fluid levels
Ureters
tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
Urethra
the tube that leads fro the bladder to the outside of the body
What are some problems that can occur in the kidneys?
Nephritis, Kidney stones, and Uremia
