Chapter 14 Flashcards
How many bones does your skeletal system consist of?
206
What are the many functions your skeletal system has?
- Providing support for the body
- Protecting internal tissues and organs from injuries
- Acting as a framework for attached muscles
- allowing movement of limbs and digits
- producing new red and white blood cells
- storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus
What are the three types of connective tissue?
Cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
Cartilage
a strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction
Ossification
the process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired
Ligament
a band of fibrous slightly connective tissue that attaches one bone to another
Tendon
a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone
Joints
points at which bones meet
What are the three types of fractures
- Hairline Fracture: if parts of the bone do not separate
- Transverse Fracture: when the fracture is completely acr5oss the bone
- Comminuted Fracture: when the bone shatters into more than two pieces
What are typical joint injuries?
- Dislocation: when a bone slips out of place
- Torn cartilage: from a sharp blow to a joint
- Bursitis: from the inflammation of bursa
- Bunioins: swellings of the bursae
- Arthritis: inflammation of joints
Carpal tunnel syndrome
when ligaments and tenons in the wrist swell
At what age do your bones stop growing?
Approximately 25 years old
What do your muscles do even while your asleep?
Muscles help you breathe, your heart beat, and digest food
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle
Smooth Muscles
muscles that act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs
Skeletal Muscles
muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
Flexor
the muscle that closes a joint
Extensor
the muscle that opens a joint
Cardiac muscle
type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart
What are five tips that can help you care for your muscular system and maintain muscle tone?
- Get regular exercise
- Eat high-protein foods to build muscle
- Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles
- Use proper equipment and clothing during physical activities
- Warm up correctly and stretch before exercising and cool down
Bruises
areas of discolored skin that appear after an injury, usually a blow to the body
Muscle Strains or Sprains
when muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion
Tendinitis
the inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury overuse or natural aging
Your nervous system is a complex network that allows what?
Communication between the brain and parts of the body
Central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Gathers information from inside and outside your body
Neurons
nerve cells, transmit messages to and from the spinal cord and brain
What three parts does a neuron consist of?
The cell body, Dendrites, and Axons
Cell Body
contains the nucleus, which regulates the production of proteins
Dendrites
branched structures that extend from the cell body
Axons
transmit impulses away from the cell body
What are the two organs that make up the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the brain depend on to survive?
Oxygen. It can only last 4 to 5 minutes without
What are the three main divisions of the brain?
The Cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem
Cerebrum
the largest and most complex part of the brain
The frontal lobe
controls voluntary movements. Language
The Parietal lobe
is involved with sensory information and physical feelings
The occipital lobe
controls the sense of sight
The temporal lobe
contains sense of hearing, smell, and thought
The Cerebellum
the second largest part of the brain
The Brain stem
a 3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord the the rest of the brain
What are the five parts of the brain stem?
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Midbrain
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What does the peripheral nervous system do?
Carries messages between the CNS and part of the body, signaling internal and external changes
Autonomic nervous system
contcs such involuntary functions as digestion and heart rate
Sympathetic nervous system
Flight or fight response
Parasympathetic nervous system
opposes the action of the sympathetic system slows the body functions
Somatic nervous system
involves voluntary responses that are under your control
Meningitis
Neck stiffness extreme
Epilepsy
a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures, sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain
Cerebral palsy
a group of neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or just after birth or in early childhood
