Chapter 14

Question 1

How many bones does your skeletal system consist of?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What are the many functions your skeletal system has?

Answer 2

1. Providing support for the body
2. Protecting internal tissues and organs from injuries
3. Acting as a framework for attached muscles
4. allowing movement of limbs and digits
5. producing new red and white blood cells
6. storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus

Question 3

What are the three types of connective tissue?

Answer 3

Cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

a strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction

Question 5

Ossification

Answer 5

the process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

a band of fibrous slightly connective tissue that attaches one bone to another

Question 7

Tendon

Answer 7

a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone

Question 8

Joints

Answer 8

points at which bones meet

Question 9

What are the three types of fractures

Answer 9

1. Hairline Fracture: if parts of the bone do not separate
2. Transverse Fracture: when the fracture is completely acr5oss the bone
3. Comminuted Fracture: when the bone shatters into more than two pieces

Question 10

What are typical joint injuries?

Answer 10

1. Dislocation: when a bone slips out of place
2. Torn cartilage: from a sharp blow to a joint
3. Bursitis: from the inflammation of bursa
4. Bunioins: swellings of the bursae
5. Arthritis: inflammation of joints

Question 11

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 11

when ligaments and tenons in the wrist swell

Question 12

At what age do your bones stop growing?

Answer 12

Approximately 25 years old

Question 13

What do your muscles do even while your asleep?

Answer 13

Muscles help you breathe, your heart beat, and digest food

Question 14

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 14

Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle

Question 15

Smooth Muscles

Answer 15

muscles that act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs

Question 16

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 16

muscles attached to bone that cause body movements

Question 17

Flexor

Answer 17

the muscle that closes a joint

Question 18

Extensor

Answer 18

the muscle that opens a joint

Question 19

Cardiac muscle

Answer 19

type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart

Question 20

What are five tips that can help you care for your muscular system and maintain muscle tone?

Answer 20

1. Get regular exercise
2. Eat high-protein foods to build muscle
3. Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles
4. Use proper equipment and clothing during physical activities
5. Warm up correctly and stretch before exercising and cool down

Question 21

Bruises

Answer 21

areas of discolored skin that appear after an injury, usually a blow to the body

Question 22

Muscle Strains or Sprains

Answer 22

when muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion

Question 23

Tendinitis

Answer 23

the inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury overuse or natural aging

Question 24

Your nervous system is a complex network that allows what?

Answer 24

Communication between the brain and parts of the body

Question 25

Central nervous system

Answer 25

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 26

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

Gathers information from inside and outside your body

Question 27

Neurons

Answer 27

nerve cells, transmit messages to and from the spinal cord and brain

Question 28

What three parts does a neuron consist of?

Answer 28

The cell body, Dendrites, and Axons

Question 29

Cell Body

Answer 29

contains the nucleus, which regulates the production of proteins

Question 30

Dendrites

Answer 30

branched structures that extend from the cell body

Question 31

Axons

Answer 31

transmit impulses away from the cell body

Question 32

What are the two organs that make up the CNS?

Answer 32

The brain and spinal cord

Question 33

What does the brain depend on to survive?

Answer 33

Oxygen. It can only last 4 to 5 minutes without

Question 34

What are the three main divisions of the brain?

Answer 34

The Cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem

Question 35

Cerebrum

Answer 35

the largest and most complex part of the brain

Question 36

The frontal lobe

Answer 36

controls voluntary movements. Language

Question 37

The Parietal lobe

Answer 37

is involved with sensory information and physical feelings

Question 38

The occipital lobe

Answer 38

controls the sense of sight

Question 39

The temporal lobe

Answer 39

contains sense of hearing, smell, and thought

Question 40

The Cerebellum

Answer 40

the second largest part of the brain

Question 41

The Brain stem

Answer 41

a 3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord the the rest of the brain

Question 42

What are the five parts of the brain stem?

Answer 42

1. Medulla oblongata 2. Pons 3. Midbrain 4. Thalamus 5. Hypothalamus

Question 43

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 43

Carries messages between the CNS and part of the body, signaling internal and external changes

Question 44

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 44

contcs such involuntary functions as digestion and heart rate

Question 45

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 45

Flight or fight response

Question 46

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 46

opposes the action of the sympathetic system slows the body functions

Question 47

Somatic nervous system

Answer 47

involves voluntary responses that are under your control

Question 48

Meningitis

Answer 48

Neck stiffness extreme

Question 49

Epilepsy

Answer 49

a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures, sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain

Question 50

Cerebral palsy

Answer 50

a group of neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or just after birth or in early childhood