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Health > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does your skeletal system consist of?

A

206

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2
Q

What are the many functions your skeletal system has?

A
  1. Providing support for the body
  2. Protecting internal tissues and organs from injuries
  3. Acting as a framework for attached muscles
  4. allowing movement of limbs and digits
  5. producing new red and white blood cells
  6. storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus
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3
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A

Cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

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4
Q

Cartilage

A

a strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction

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5
Q

Ossification

A

the process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired

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6
Q

Ligament

A

a band of fibrous slightly connective tissue that attaches one bone to another

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7
Q

Tendon

A

a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone

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8
Q

Joints

A

points at which bones meet

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9
Q

What are the three types of fractures

A
  1. Hairline Fracture: if parts of the bone do not separate
  2. Transverse Fracture: when the fracture is completely acr5oss the bone
  3. Comminuted Fracture: when the bone shatters into more than two pieces
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10
Q

What are typical joint injuries?

A
  1. Dislocation: when a bone slips out of place
  2. Torn cartilage: from a sharp blow to a joint
  3. Bursitis: from the inflammation of bursa
  4. Bunioins: swellings of the bursae
  5. Arthritis: inflammation of joints
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11
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

when ligaments and tenons in the wrist swell

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12
Q

At what age do your bones stop growing?

A

Approximately 25 years old

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13
Q

What do your muscles do even while your asleep?

A

Muscles help you breathe, your heart beat, and digest food

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14
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Smooth Muscles

A

muscles that act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs

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16
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

muscles attached to bone that cause body movements

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17
Q

Flexor

A

the muscle that closes a joint

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18
Q

Extensor

A

the muscle that opens a joint

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart

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20
Q

What are five tips that can help you care for your muscular system and maintain muscle tone?

A
  1. Get regular exercise
  2. Eat high-protein foods to build muscle
  3. Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles
  4. Use proper equipment and clothing during physical activities
  5. Warm up correctly and stretch before exercising and cool down
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21
Q

Bruises

A

areas of discolored skin that appear after an injury, usually a blow to the body

22
Q

Muscle Strains or Sprains

A

when muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion

23
Q

Tendinitis

A

the inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury overuse or natural aging

24
Q

Your nervous system is a complex network that allows what?

A

Communication between the brain and parts of the body

25
Q

Central nervous system

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord

26
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Gathers information from inside and outside your body

27
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells, transmit messages to and from the spinal cord and brain

28
Q

What three parts does a neuron consist of?

A

The cell body, Dendrites, and Axons

29
Q

Cell Body

A

contains the nucleus, which regulates the production of proteins

30
Q

Dendrites

A

branched structures that extend from the cell body

31
Q

Axons

A

transmit impulses away from the cell body

32
Q

What are the two organs that make up the CNS?

A

The brain and spinal cord

33
Q

What does the brain depend on to survive?

A

Oxygen. It can only last 4 to 5 minutes without

34
Q

What are the three main divisions of the brain?

A

The Cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem

35
Q

Cerebrum

A

the largest and most complex part of the brain

36
Q

The frontal lobe

A

controls voluntary movements. Language

37
Q

The Parietal lobe

A

is involved with sensory information and physical feelings

38
Q

The occipital lobe

A

controls the sense of sight

39
Q

The temporal lobe

A

contains sense of hearing, smell, and thought

40
Q

The Cerebellum

A

the second largest part of the brain

41
Q

The Brain stem

A

a 3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord the the rest of the brain

42
Q

What are the five parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
  4. Thalamus
  5. Hypothalamus
43
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Carries messages between the CNS and part of the body, signaling internal and external changes

44
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

contcs such involuntary functions as digestion and heart rate

45
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Flight or fight response

46
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

opposes the action of the sympathetic system slows the body functions

47
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

involves voluntary responses that are under your control

48
Q

Meningitis

A

Neck stiffness extreme

49
Q

Epilepsy

A

a disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures, sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain

50
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

a group of neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or just after birth or in early childhood

Health (5 decks)

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