Chapter 15

Question 1

a process that does occur under a specific set of conditions is called a

Answer 1

spontaneous process

Question 2

a process that does not occur under a specific set of conditions is called a

Answer 2

nonspontaneous process

Question 3

a measure of how spread out or dispersed the system’s energy is [often correlated with disorder, or randomness, of the system]

Answer 3

Entropy (S)

Question 4

specific arrangement of particles

Answer 4

micro states

Question 5

is the absolute entropy of a substance at 1 atm
- temp must be specified

Answer 5

Standard Entropy

Question 6

• more disordered
• more random
• more complex
• more dispersed in terms of energy
• larger, heavier, hotter

Answer 6

Entropy of a system increases when system becomes

Question 7

• system
• surroundings

Answer 7

universe composed of 2 components

Question 8

the reaction

Answer 8

system

Question 9

everything else

Answer 9

surroundings

Question 10

increases in a spontaneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process

Answer 10

entropy of the universe (second law of thermodynamics)

Question 11

one that does not occur spontaneously in either direction, but can be induced to occur by the addition or removal of energy from a system at equilibrium

Answer 11

equilibrium process

Question 12

entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at 0K is zero

Answer 12

Third law of thermodynamics

Question 13

is free-energy change for a reaction when it occurs under standard-state conditions (compounds in standard state)

Answer 13

standard free energy of reaction

Question 14

• gases at 1 atm pressure
• pure liquid
  -pure solid
• elements most stable allotropic form at 1 atm and 25C
• 1 molar concentration

Answer 14

condition that define standard state