Chapter 13 Flashcards
a homogeneous mixture
Solution
The component that is dissolved in solvent
Solute
Medium into which solutes are mixed
Solvent
Usually in smaller amount
Solute
Usually in greater amount (usually liquid)
Solvent
Contains as much solute as can be dissolved (at specific temp)
Saturated solution
Can dissolve more solute
Unsaturated solution
contains more solute than is actually stable at given temp
Supersaturated solution
formed by cooling saturated solution from a higher temperature (solutes typically more stable at higher temps)
Supersaturated solution
Amount (mass) of solute that forms saturated solution with given mass of solvent at specific temp
Solubility
used for gases and vapor pressures of solutions
Mole fraction
commonly used since volumes of solutions are easy to measure (Ex: Titration, Gravimetric analysis)
Molarity
Temperature independent
Molality
Temperature independent and need not know molar masses
Percent by Mass
Properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in the solution and not the nature of the solute
Colligative Properties
May be used to find solution molarity molality, and/or a solute’s molar mass
Colligative Properties (non electrolyte)
Is the percentage of dissolved molecules that separate into ions in a solution and this can be found using colligative properties
Percent Dissociation (ionic)
should have complete, or 100%, dissociation, however, experimentally determined Van’t Hoff factors indicate that this is not the case
Strong Electrolytes
is more complete at lower concentrations
Percent dissociation of a strong electrolyte
