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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 Urinary System Anatomy/Diseases/Treatments > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Urinary System Anatomy/Diseases/Treatments Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Urinary System Main Purpose

A

Maintain health by filtering blood

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2
Q

Kidneys

A

pair of soft organs-filters nitrogenous waste from body

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3
Q

Hilium

A

where renal vein, nerves, and ureter join the kidney

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4
Q

Ureter

A

Moves fluid from kidney to bladder through process called perstalsis

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5
Q

3 Internal Regions of Kidney

A

1)Renal Pelvis-collects urine in center 2)Renal Medulla-lies external to pelvis 3) Renal Cortex- outermost

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6
Q

Nephrons

A

Working subunit of each kidney (renal bowmans capsule and renal tubule)

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7
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

hollow ball at the end of a tube or (nephron)

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8
Q

Glomerulus

A

coiled capillary (ball) inside of Bowman’s Capsule-blood passes through during filtration

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9
Q

Main purpose of kidneys

A

Filter blood and process urine into bladder

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10
Q

Urinary Meatus

A

external opening of urethra

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11
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

membrane-enclosed basin that collects urine in interior of kidney

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12
Q

Renal Cortex

A

outer portion of interior of kidney

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13
Q

Renal Medulla

A

Inner portion of interior of kidney

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14
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

composed of Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

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15
Q

Renal Tubule

A

long, twisting part of nephron

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16
Q

Ureters

A

paired, narrow tubes that conduct urine from each kidney to bladder

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17
Q

Urethra

A

tube that conveys urine from bladder to external

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18
Q

Internal Urethral Sphincter

A

involuntary muscle-keeps urine from entering urethra while stored in bladder

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19
Q

External Urethral Sphincter

A

voluntary muscle-prevents or allows urine to be released

20
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

holds urine-muscle sac in pelvic cavity

21
Q

Urine

A

yellowish liquid waste-95 % water, 5 % waste

22
Q

Enuresis

A

involuntary release of urine- bed-wetting

23
Q

Incontinence

A

involuntary discharge of urine (laugh/cough)

24
Q

Polycystic Kidney

A

Incurable genetic condition-presence of many fluid-filled cysts

25
Q

Urinary Retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in urinary bladder (enable to urinate)

26
Q

Urinary Suppression

A

Acute stoppage of urine formation by kidneys

27
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Infection in urinary organs (urethra and bladder); symptoms are fever, dysuria, abdominal pain

28
Q

Renal Failure

A

Loss of kidneys’ abilities to respond to changing conditions of body (loss of balance in pH, electrolytes, body fluid)

29
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

lab test-measures urea concentration in the blood to indicate kidney function

30
Q

Creatinine

A

increased levels within urine indicate kidney disease

31
Q

Cystoureterography

A

X-ray imaging of bladder and ureters (use of contrast dye)

32
Q

Fulguration

A

surg. procedure destroys living tissue with electric spark (tumors, polyps)

33
Q

Hemodialysis

A

removes nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from blood (replace kidney function)-blood pushed through a semipermeable membrane filter

34
Q

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder X-Ray (KUB)

A

images the abdomen (look for stones)

35
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

waste is removed from blood through artificial filtration-cleansing treatment

36
Q

Specific Gravity (SG)

A

Lab test-evaluates filtration and water reabsorption in kidneys

37
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

lab test-measures creatine, specific gravity, glucose, protein, and pH

38
Q

Urinometer

A

measures water density of urine

39
Q

Vesicourethral Suspension

A

procedure to stabilize urinary bladder position as treatment for stress incontinence

40
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

41
Q

HD

A

Hemodialysis

42
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

43
Q

KUB

A

Kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray

44
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

45
Q

UTI

A

Urinary Tract Infection

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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