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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ad-

A

toward

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2
Q

ant-, anti-

A

against

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3
Q

dia-

A

through

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4
Q

dys-

A

bad, abnormal

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5
Q

pan-

A

all, entire

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6
Q

peri-

A

around

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7
Q

re-, retro-

A

back

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8
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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9
Q

an/o

A

anus

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10
Q

append/o

A

appendix, hang to

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11
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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12
Q

cec/o

A

blind intestine, cecum

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13
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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14
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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15
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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16
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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17
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange

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18
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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19
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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20
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticulum

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21
Q

duoden/o

A

twelve, duodenum

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22
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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23
Q

esophag/e, esophag/o

A

esophagus

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24
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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25
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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26
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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27
Q

halit/o

A

breath

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28
Q

hemorrh/o

A

likely to bleed

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29
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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30
Q

hern/o, herni/o

A

rupture through weakened membrane

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31
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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32
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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33
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum, empty

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34
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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35
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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36
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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37
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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38
Q

palat/o

A

palate of mouth

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39
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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40
Q

peps/o, pept/o

A

digestion

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41
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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42
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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43
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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44
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx, throat

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45
Q

polyp/o

A

small growth, polyp

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46
Q

proct/o

A

rectum, anus

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47
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, gatekeeper

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48
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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49
Q

rubin/o

A

red pigment

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50
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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51
Q

sigmoid/o

A

letter S

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52
Q

spasm/o

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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53
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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54
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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55
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

56
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

57
Q

-cele

A

swelling, hernia

58
Q

-centesis

A

surgical aspiration of fluids

59
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

60
Q

-emetic

A

pertaining to vomiting

61
Q

-iasis

A

condition of

62
Q

-malacia

A

softening

63
Q

-pepsia

A

condition of digestion

64
Q

-ptosis

A

falling down, drooping

65
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing

66
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge of fluid

67
Q

-stomy

A

surgical creation of opening

68
Q

Bile

A

greenish fluid-digest fats

69
Q

cardia

A

site of stomach that receives from esophagus

70
Q

cecum

A

segment of large intestine (contains appendix)

71
Q

colon

A

largest part of large intestine (includes ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon)

72
Q

Small intestine segments (3)

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

73
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube moves food by peristalsis from mouth to stomach

74
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

ring-shaped muscle at border of esophagus

75
Q

Two main parts of Digestive System

A

1)Gastrointestinal Tract-tube from mouth to anus 2)Accessory organs-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

76
Q

Peristalsis

A

moves food by muscular contractions

77
Q

Four regions of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

78
Q

Oral cavity

A

mouth (palate, tongue, and uvula)

79
Q

pancreas

A

secretes pancreatic juice (digestive enzymes)

80
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane lining abdominal cavity

81
Q

rectum

A

straight segment of large intestine (anus is opening)

82
Q

Aphagia

A

inability to swallow

83
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

84
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

85
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

86
Q

flatus

A

gas trapped in GI tract or released through anus

87
Q

gastrodynia

A

pain in stomach

88
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive levels of bile pigment bilirubin in blood

89
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish staining of skin (eyes, deep tissues)

90
Q

reflux

A

backward flux/flow of material in GI tract

91
Q

steatorrhea

A

abnormal fat levels

92
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal growth connecting two surfaces

93
Q

cholangioma

A

tumor in bile duct

94
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic, progressive liver disease-hepatic cell failure

95
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

inflammation of any part of GI tract-ulcerations of intestinal wall (autoimmune)

96
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of intestine-diarrhea, pain, fever, and dehydration (bacteria)

97
Q

Gastric Ulcer Cause

A

Bacteria

98
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

backflow of stomach contents into esophagus

99
Q

giardiasis

A

infection by intestinal protozoa (diarrhea, cramps, vomiting)

100
Q

hemorrhoids

A

varicose (swelling) condition of veins in anus

101
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of stomach upward through opening of diaphragm

102
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of intestine

103
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

wide range of symptoms-flatus to ulcerative colitis AND crohn’s disease

104
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of loop of small intestine through abdominal wall in groin region

105
Q

intussusception

A

infolding of segment of intestine within another segment

106
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

disturbance of large intestine (diarrhea and constipation)

107
Q

peptic ulcer

A

erosion in wall of stomach (gastric ulcer)

108
Q

polyp

A

abnormal mass of tissue that projects outward from a wall

109
Q

polyposis

A

presence of many polyps

110
Q

proctoptosis

A

prolapse, falling downward of rectum through the anus

111
Q

strangulated hernia

A

hernia that is constricted

112
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of loop of intestine through abdominal wall

113
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of intestine

114
Q

abdominoperineal resection

A

surg. removal of colon and rectum

115
Q

antacid

A

neutralized stomach acid

116
Q

antiemetic

A

prevents/stops vomiting

117
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug decreases peristalsis-arrest spasm/diarrhea

118
Q

barium enema

A

contains barium-diagnostic test

119
Q

cathartic

A

laxative-stimulates peristalsis

120
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision into common bile duct-removal of stones

121
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

endoscopic-visualize ducts of liver, gallbladder, pancreas

122
Q

endoscopic ultrasound

A

images of intestinal wall-evaluate tumor

123
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

visual of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with endoscope

124
Q

fecal occult blood test

A

lab test-detect blood

125
Q

gastfic lavage

A

cleansing of stomach

126
Q

gavage

A

feeding tube

127
Q

GI endoscopy

A

exam of GI tract with endoscope

128
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

surg. repair of hernia

129
Q

stool culture and sensitivity

A

collect fecal-microorganisms to detect pathogenic cause

130
Q

upper GI series

A

diagnostic x-ray of stomach and duodenum (use of barium)

131
Q

vagotomy

A

surg. dissection of vagus nerve

132
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

133
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

134
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

135
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

136
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

137
Q

UGI

A

upper GI series

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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